Armée Sud Coréene/Republic of Korea Armed Forces ( RoKAF )

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Citation :

DATE:25/03/09
SOURCE:Flight International
Elbit Systems lands helmet-mounted display deal with South Korea
By Arie Egozi

Elbit Systems has received a contract to supply advanced helmet-mounted display systems for the South Korean army's Korean Utility Helicopter (KUH) programme.

Under the deal, Elbit will supply prime contractor Korea Aerospace Industries with equipment for its ongoing development effort, which is expected to lead to the manufacture of up to 250 tactical transport helicopters. The Israeli company's initial contract covers those development aircraft due to be delivered in 2009-10, but it believes the agreement could lead to follow-on orders to equip the entire KUH fleet and additional military rotorcraft.

"We believe this selection will lead to further head-up display projects in South Korea and worldwide," says Yoram Shmuely, co-general manager of Elbit's Aerospace Division.

Elbit says its helmet-mounted display systems enable helicopter pilots to fly with their "head out of the cockpit", boosting situational awareness and safety by projecting essential flight data, plus navigation waypoints and threat data into their line of sight.

Kim il machin doit surement travailler en secret pour LM

Rien que ça?
Ont-ils un budget nécessaire à cet achat?

apparement oui
60 F35 + 60 F-15SE

Citation :

Korea – F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Aircraft

WASHINGTON, April 3, 2013 – The Defense Security Cooperation Agency notified Congress March 29 of a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Government of Korea for 60 F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Conventional Take Off and Landing (CTOL) aircraft and associated equipment, parts, training and logistical support for an estimated cost of $10.8 billion.

The Government of the Republic of Korea has requested a possible sale of (60) F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Conventional Take Off and Landing (CTOL) aircraft. Aircraft will be configured with the Pratt & Whitney F-135 engines, and (9) Pratt & Whitney F-135 engines are included as spares. Other aircraft equipment includes: Electronic Warfare Systems; Command, Control, Communication, Computer and Intelligence/Communication, Navigational and Identification (C4I/CNI); Autonomic Logistics Global Support System (ALGS); Autonomic Logistics Information System (ALIS); Full Mission Trainer; Weapons Employment Capability, and other Subsystems, Features, and Capabilities; F-35 unique infrared flares; reprogramming center; F-35 Performance Based Logistics. Also included: software development/integration, aircraft ferry and tanker support, support equipment, tools and test equipment, communication equipment, spares and repair parts, personnel training and training equipment, publications and technical documents, U.S. Government and contractor engineering and logistics personnel services, and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated cost is $10.8 billion.

This proposed sale will contribute to the foreign policy goals and national security objectives of the United States by meeting the legitimate security and defense needs of an ally and partner nation. The Republic of Korea continues to be an important force for peace, political stability, and economic progress in North East Asia.

The proposed sale of F-35s will provide the Republic of Korea (ROK) with a credible defense capability to deter aggression in the region and ensure interoperability with U.S. forces. The proposed sale will augment Korea’s operational aircraft inventory and enhance its air-to-air and air-to-ground self-defense capability. The ROK’s Air Force F-4 aircraft will be decommissioned as F-35’s are added to the inventory. Korea will have no difficulty absorbing these aircraft into its armed forces.

The proposed sale of this aircraft system and support will not negatively alter the basic military balance in the region.

The prime contractors will be Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company in Fort Worth, Texas; and Pratt & Whitney Military Engines in East Hartford, Connecticut. This proposal is being offered in the context of a competition. If the proposal is accepted, it is expected that offset agreements will be required.

Implementation of this proposed sale will require multiple trips to Korea involving U.S. Government and contractor representatives for technical reviews/support, program management, and training over a period of 15 years. U.S. contractor representatives will be required in Korea to conduct Contractor Engineering Technical Services (CETS) and Autonomic Logistics and Global Support (ALGS) for after-aircraft delivery.

There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness resulting from this proposed sale.

This notice of a potential sale is required by law and does not mean the sale has been concluded.

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Korea – F-15 Silent Eagle Aircraft Support

WASHINGTON, April 3, 2013 – The Defense Security Cooperation Agency notified Congress March 29 of a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Government of Korea in support of (60) F-15 Silent Eagle aircraft being procured via Direct Commercial Sales (DCS), and associated equipment, parts, training and logistical support for an estimated cost of $2.408 billion.

The Republic of Korea has requested a possible hybrid case in support of (60) F-15 Silent Eagle aircraft being procured via Direct Commercial Sales (DCS). The proposed sale will include 60 Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar (AESA) radar sets, 60 Digital Electronic Warfare Systems (DEWS), 60 AN/AAQ-33 Sniper Targeting Systems, 60 AN/AAS-42 Infrared Search and Track (IRST) Systems, 132 Ultra High Frequency/Very High Frequency (UHF/VHF) secure radio with HAVE QUICK II, 69 Link-16 Terminals and spares, the Advanced Display Core Processor II, Joint Mission Planning System, various support equipment items, GEM-V GPS airborne receiver module, and communication security; software development/integration, spares and repair parts, personnel training and training equipment, publications and technical documents, U.S. Government and contract engineering and logistical personnel services, and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated cost is $2.408 billion.

This proposed sale will contribute to the foreign policy goals and national security objectives of the United States by meeting the legitimate security and defense needs of an ally and partner nation. The Republic of Korea continues to be an important force for peace, political stability, and economic progress in North East Asia.

The proposed sale will augment Korea’s operational aircraft inventory and enhance its air-to-air and air-to-ground self-defense capability, provide it with a credible defense capability to deter aggression in the region, and ensure interoperability with U.S. forces. The Republic of Korea Air Force’s F-4 aircraft will be decommissioned as F-15SEs are added to the inventory. Korea will have no difficulty absorbing this additional equipment and support into its inventory.

The proposed sale of equipment and support will not negatively alter the basic military balance in the region.

Implementation of this proposed sale will require multiple trips to Korea involving U.S. Government and contractor representatives for technical reviews and support, program management, and training over a period of 15 years.

The prime contractor will be The Boeing Corporation in St Louis, Missouri. This proposal is being offered in the context of a competition. If the proposal is accepted, it is expected that offset agreements will be required.

There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness resulting from this proposed sale.

This notice of a potential sale is required by law and does not mean the sale has been concluded.

DSCA.mil

60 F15 SE à seulement $2.4B C'est plus qu'un prix d'ami la

je crois que c´est le cout du soutient de la Silent-Eaglisation de 60 F15 deja acquis
apres lecture,il en sort que ce sont 2 offres dans un Bid qui prevoit des offset

Fahed64 a écrit:

60 F15 SE à seulement $2.4B C'est plus qu'un prix d'ami la

les américain font les creuvars avec nous

arrete de dire n´importe quoi de grace,c´est pas hespress ici

Yakuza a écrit:

je crois que c´est le cout du soutient de la Silent-Eaglisation de 60 F15 deja acquis
apres lecture,il en sort que ce sont 2 offres dans un Bid qui prevoit des offset

C’est soit 60 F15SE ou 60 F35 mais pas les deux à la fois ! entweder oder :-)
la compétition est encore ouverte et la ROKAF na pas encore décider…faut attendre la fin de l’année.
Pour le prix, il ne faut pas rêver, les 60 F15SE seront aux alentour de 10Billion. le silent eagle c’est presque le même cout que le F35…. voir contrat saoudien :-)
2,4 Billion ne comprend que la partie direct government-to-government sale pour les équipements mais pas les avions , le reste vient avec direct commercial sale….

Toujours est-il que cette commande probable cache quelque chose. Certes, il y a la corée du nord qui menace, mais soyons claire, la chasse nord coréene n'est pas au niveau. Déjà qu'actuellement, la corée du sud dispose d'une chasse plus que respectable et d'une armée bien équipée, mais si cette commande se confirme, c'est le leadership de la région que vise séoul. Ni plus, ni moins. Et le Japon ne laissera pas son voisin lui ravir ce statut. C'est tout bénef' pour les américains!

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S.Korea to Buy Bunker-Buster Missiles from Europe

South Korea will likely buy European long-range air-to-surface cruise missiles by 2014. Launched from the air above Daejeon, the Taurus KEPD 350s could hit an underground bunker in Pyongyang with precision.

A military officer said Wednesday price negotiations with Taurus Systems, a German-Swedish joint venture, will start soon since the missile has found favor with the brass here.

The Taurus would be the first strategic weapon Seoul has imported from Europe rather than the U.S.

The only long-range missiles in the Air Force's inventory are 40-odd SLAM-ER missiles with a range of 278 km, which were made by Boeing. An Air Force officer said, "We urgently need more long-range air-to-surface missiles due to the mounting nuclear threat and the increasing possibility of provocations from North Korea."

The Taurus has a range of 500 km. Launched from South Korean airspace that is not under threat from North Korean surface-to-air missiles, they could hit strategic targets like nuclear and missile bases in the rear with precision.

The country is expected to buy about 200 of them, to be mounted on F-15K or KF-16 fighter jets.

The Taurus has a dual-stage "blast/fragmentation" and/or "penetrator" warhead capable of penetrating up to 6 m of reinforced concrete. It is very accurate: despite a range of hundreds of kilometers, it has an error rate of a mere 2 to 3 m.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Defense Department said it has deployed another Aegis destroyer, the USS Decatur, to waters near the Korean Peninsula to guard against possible North Korean provocations.

Like the USS McCain, which was dispatched here earlier, the Decatur is an Arleigh Burke-class Aegis destroyer armed with SM-3 and Tomahawk cruise missiles that can intercept incoming ballistic missiles. It arrived in the western Pacific to "perform a missile defense mission," U.S. Defense Department spokesman George Little said.

http://english.chosun.com

sas a écrit:

C’est soit 60 F15SE ou 60 F35 mais pas les deux à la fois ! entweder oder :-)
la compétition est encore ouverte et la ROKAF na pas encore décider…faut attendre la fin de l’année.
Pour le prix, il ne faut pas rêver, les 60 F15SE seront aux alentour de 10Billion. le silent eagle c’est presque le même cout que le F35…. voir contrat saoudien :-)
2,4 Billion ne comprend que la partie direct government-to-government sale pour les équipements mais pas les avions , le reste vient avec direct commercial sale….

oui c´est bid donc soit l´une ou l´autre,j´ai fait en debut + parcque j´ai pas lu les notif en full
l´importance de ce bid pour eux c´est le ToT pour leur prog KF-X,et les couts..

apres c´est pas achat je crois mais peut etre upgrade des 60 F15K deja en Orbat en SE

Boeing montrait comment tapper le voisin avec

Même si il ne fait aucun doute que la korée du sud dispose d'une amée de l'air largement supérieure à la korée du nord, le film présenté ici fait un peu propagande quand même. Les chasseurs nord koréen ne sont capable que de voler tout droit, sans stratégie, selon eux, ce qui est faux.
En tout cas, il ne fait aucun doute que le silent eagle est supérieur sur tous les points à tout ce qu'aligne la korée du nord.

Voila un autre article qui parle du même sujet

Citation :

US reveals details of F-15SE, F-35A bids for South Korea

The US Department of Defense formally notified the US Congress of potential sales of the Boeing F-15SE Silent Eagle and Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter to South Korea on 29 March. The two aircraft are on offer to the Asian nation as part of South Korea's F-X III fighter competition. The Eurofighter Typhoon is a third contender for the 60 aircraft tender.

For the potential F-35 sale, the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) says that South Korea could order 60 conventional A-model aircraft and associated support equipment for $10.8 billion. There would also be provisions for spares including nine additional Pratt & Whitney F135 afterburning turbofans. The package would also encompass training-including simulators.

Lockheed Martin says that it is pleased that the formal Congressional notification process is now under way, but notes that the competing bids are still being evaluated by Korea and price discussions are "on-going".

Boeing's F-15SE Silent Eagle offering is a somewhat more complicated bid because it is a hybrid of a direct commercial sale and government-to-government US foreign military sale (FMS). As such the DSCA notification to Congress is only for certain equipment that would have to be sold to South Korea to support the Silent Eagle sale.

Equipment that would be sold under the auspices of the US government FMS programme include 60 Raytheon-built active electronically scanned array radar (AESA) radars, but it is not specified if those are APG-63 (V)3 or APG-82 sets. Additionally, the F-15SE sale would include 60 digital electronic warfare systems (DEWS), 60 Lockheed AN/AAQ-33 Sniper targeting pods, 60 Lockheed AN/AAS-42 infrared search and track systems and other ancillary hardware. The estimated cost of the FMS portion of the sale would be $2.41 billion according the DSCA.

"We do feel we have the lower cost, better value bid here," a Boeing official says, but the company did not say how much the direct commercial sale portion of their bid would cost. In a written statement, Boeing adds: "We are confident our Silent Eagle offering is best suited to address F-X requirements."

While he does not rule out the possibility that South Korea will opt for the Typhoon, Raymond Jaworowski, an analyst with Forecast International, says the contest will most like come down to a battle between the F-35 and the Silent Eagle. "The F-15 and the F-35 are the frontrunners," he says. "South Korea has previously bought US fighter aircraft and it seems likely that's the way they'll go for this buy."

In the Silent Eagle's favour is the fact that South Korea already has the older F-15K Slam Eagle in service. "The commonality factor will come into play," Jaworowski says. "On the other hand, the F-35 is more and more becoming the dominant fighter on the market." Other factors that play in the F-35's favour are the fact that Japan has already ordered the stealthy fifth-generation jet and growing threats in the region.

But given the state of the South Korean tender, "I think at this point it's too early to predict between the F-35 and the F-15," Jaworowski says.

http://www.flightglobal.com

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Séoul choisit le missile européen Taurus pour ses F-15K

Le 05/04/2013 à 07:26 | Par Guillaume Steuer


Dans un pays où l'influence américaine dans le domaine de l'armement est énorme, c'est pourtant une offre européenne qui s'est imposée. Hier, le ministre de la défense sud-coréen a annoncé devant une commission parlementaire que le missile de croisière KEPD 350 Taurus avait été retenu face à l'AGM-158 JASSM de Lockheed Martin pour équiper les F-15K de la force aérienne de Séoul.

Produit par la société conjointe Taurus Systems GmbH (MBDA-Saab Bofors Dynamics), ce missile de croisière est aujourd'hui en service sur Tornado IDS dans la Luftwaffe et sur EF-18 (avec une capacité intérimaire) dans la force aérienne espagnole. Plus imposant que son cousin européen Scalp-EG, le Taurus affiche une portée maximale plus élevée, qui serait supérieure à 500 km. Sa charge militaire optimisée pour la pénétration offrirait des performances accrues dans ce domaine. Qui plus est, il dispose d'un mode de navigation en croisière permettant de s'appuyer sur l'autodirecteur infrarouge pour identifier des points de passage, en cas de défaillance du GPS.

Séoul, qui dispose aujourd'hui de 61 F-15K (dont certains stationnés de manière permanente aux Etats-Unis) souhaite depuis quelques années équiper ces appareils d'une capacité de frappe longue portée sur des objectifs protégés, afin de complémenter le missile américain AGM-84K SLAM-ER qui n'affiche qu'une portée de 250 km et une charge militaire bien plus faible que le Taurus.

Le choix de ce dernier s'expliquerait d'une part par une réticence de Washington à exporter sans limitations le dernier-né de ses missiles de croisière furtifs, et d'autre part par des soucis techniques liés à l'intégration du JASSM sur le F-15. Selon la littérature commerciale de Boeing, le KEPD 350 serait emporté par le F-15 sur les points d'emport 2 et 8, situés sous la voilure.


http://www.air-cosmos.com/defense/seoul-choisit-le-missile-europeen-taurus-pour-ses-f-15k.html

C'est un mariage de raison, rien de plus. Les koréen ne jurent que par l'armement américain.

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South Korean soldiers take part in a military exercise with their mobile artillery vehicles, near the demilitarized zone separating the two Koreas in Paju, north of Seoul, March 13, 2013.

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South Korean soldiers from an armored unit participate in a field firing in Pocheon, 46 km (28 miles) northeast of Seoul and about 15 km (9 miles) south of the demilitarized zone separating the two Koreas, March 27, 2013.

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South Korean Marine K-55 self-propelled howitzer are parked during an exercise against possible attacks by North Korea near the border village of Panmunjom in Paju, South Korea Monday, April 1, 2013. After weeks of war-like rhetoric, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un gathered legislators Monday for an annual spring parliamentary session taking place one day after top party officials adopted a statement declaring building nuclear weapons and the economy the nation's top priorities.

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A South Korean marine sits on a K-55 self-propelled howitzer during an exercise against possible attacks by North Korea near the border village of Panmunjom in Paju, South Korea Monday, April 1, 2013.

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A South Korean marine sits on a K-55 self-propelled howitzer during an exercise against possible attacks by North Korea near the border village of Panmunjom in Paju, South Korea Monday, April 1, 2013.

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A South Korean army tank moves during an exercise against possible attacks by North Korea near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Hwacheon, South Korea, Monday, April 1, 2013.

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South Korean Army armored vehicles cross a pontoon bridge during an exercise against possible attacks by North Korea near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Hwacheon, South Korea Monday, April 1, 2013.

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South Korean Army armored vehicles cross a pontoon bridge during an exercise against possible attacks by North Korea near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Hwacheon, South Korea Monday, April 1, 2013.

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A South Korean K-1 tank moves over a temporary bridge during a river-crossing military drill in Hwacheon near the border with North Korea on April 1, 2013.

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A South Korean K-1 tank moves over a temporary bridge during a river-crossing military drill in Hwacheon near the border with North Korea on April 1, 2013.

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A South Korean K-1 tank moves over a temporary bridge during a river-crossing military drill in Hwacheon near the border with North Korea on April 1, 2013.

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EADS offers to manufacture 48 Eurofighters in S. Korea
By Kim Eun-jung
SEOUL, April 5 (Yonhap) -- The European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company (EADS), which is competing with U.S. companies Boeing and Lockheed Martin for South Korea's fighter jet program, has offered to manufacture 48 out of 60 planes in local factories if it wins the multi-billion dollar deal, sources and company officials said Friday.

The multinational defense firm EADS's Eurofighter Tranche 3 has been bidding with Lockheed Martin's F-35 stealth jet and Boeing's F-15 Silent Eagle for the 8.3 trillion won (US$7.3 billion) contract to replace the South Korean Air Force's aging fleet of F-4s and F-5s from 2016.

The Defense Acquisition and Procurement Agency (DAPA) has already completed the first round of negotiations with Boeing and EADS over pricing, officials said, while Lockheed Martin, which offers the F-35 through the Foreign Military Sales program, is still in consultations.

With negotiations over other conditions, including technology transfer and delivery time, nearing completion, EADs has recently proposed raising the number of Eurofighters to be built in South Korea.

"Procurement officials and EADS officials have negotiated over the number of aircraft to be produced in the nation for nearly two years," a military source said, citing ongoing negotiations. "EADS, which had initially proposed to manufacture 30 planes in South Korea, has recently decided to increase the number."

EADS officials confirmed that the company has made the higher offer with promises of technology transfer needed to build the airplanes.

It means only 12 fighter jets will be imported, while 48 units will be built by the Korea Aerospace Industries if the Eurofighter Tranche 3 wins the deal, which is expected to boost the job market.

"About 10,000 jobs were created when four European nations manufactured Eurofighters," a senior EADS official said. "If South Korea produces Eurofighters, it could annually create some 20,000 jobs in the next five years."

If selected, analysts forecast expansion of local production is also expected to help a long-delayed project to develop South Korea's indigenous fighter jets.

First launched in 2002 to build F-16 class fighter jets, Seoul's ambitious plan to develop fighter jets in the next decade has been delayed as local think tanks and experts question the feasibility of the multi-billion dollar project as well as the technical aspects to domestically produce aircraft and meet overseas demand.

Many have been calling on the Park Geun-hye administration to promptly make a decision to either go ahead with the large-scale airplane development project or put on the brakes if it is deemed economically unsustainable.

While the fighter jet procurement project hit a snag under the Lee Myung-bak administration, military leaders under the current government pledged to proceed with big weapons procurement projects without delay to deal with the growing threat from North Korea.

Under the circumstances, the DAPA is expected to pick a contractor by June. In a parliamentary meeting on Thursday, Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin also said he briefed President Park about the plan to strike a deal in the first half of the year.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Department of Defense on Wednesday said it has approved the sale of either F-35 or F-15 Silent Eagle fighters to South Korea.

The Defense Security Cooperation Agency, which oversees foreign military sales, notified U.S. lawmakers last Friday about the possible deal with South Korea, saying that American combat jets would help Seoul "deter aggression in the region" amid high military tensions with North Korea.

ejkim@yna.co.kr

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South Korean soldiers of an artillery unit take part in an artillery drill with 155mm Towed Howitzers as part of the annual joint military exercise "Foal Eagle" by the U.S. and South Korea, near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) which separates the two Korea, in Goseong, about 330 km (205 miles) northeast of Seoul April 9, 2013. North Korea warned foreigners in South Korea on Tuesday to quit the country because they were at risk in the event of conflict, the latest threat of war from Pyongyang. *******/Kim Hong-Ji

c'est une version modifiée localement du M114 155mm

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RACR wins Republic of Korea F-16 radar upgrade competition


Raytheon AESA technology primed to exceed current and future global customer needs

EL SEGUNDO, Calif., April 10, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) announced today its Raytheon Advanced Combat Radar (RACR) has been competitively selected by the Republic of Korea to upgrade the country's KF-16C/D Block 52 Fighting Falcon fleet.

"This win ensures the Republic of Korea's KF-16 combat aircraft remain relevant in a constantly evolving threat environment and builds on our legacy of providing enhanced combat capabilities for global allied forces," said Rick Yuse, president of Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems.

Subject to final definition by the United States Government, Raytheon will deliver 134 active electronically scanned array radar systems with deliveries anticipated to start in late 2016. The scope includes AESA radar development, production of test assets for the system design and development program, and production.

Raytheon has demonstrated F-16 platform expertise by delivering mission critical avionics systems including the modular mission computer, electronic warfare systems, and various weapons. This selection adds the F-16 Fighting Falcon to the family of fighters retrofitted with Raytheon's AESA-based radars (F-15C, F-15E and the F/A-18E/F).

"RACR complements and leverages Raytheon's F-16 avionics heritage to provide the lowest risk, most affordable and highest reliability AESA retrofit solution," said Jim Hvizd, vice president of International Strategy and Business Development for Raytheon's Space and Airborne Systems business. "This experience has directly contributed to the ease of installation and performance that continues to exceed customer needs."

The Republic of Korea selection bolsters Raytheon's AESA radar production base, which has already delivered more than 500 AESA systems worldwide, supporting more than 400,000 operational tactical flight hours, both industry firsts.

http://raytheon.mediaroom.com

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17/04/2013

La Corée du Sud choisi l’AH-64D « Apache » !

SEOUL, vient d’annoncer le gagnant de la compétition AH-X» pour l’acquisition d’un premier lot 36 hélicoptères d'attaque. Mais au total, c’est une centaine d’appareils qui sont concernés. Quatre fournisseurs étaient en compétition, il s’agissait de Boeing avec l’AH-64D «Apache», Bell Textron qui offre l’AH-1Z «SuperCobra», AgustaWestland avec l’A129B «Mangusta» et Eurocopter avec le «Tigre». Le contrat remporté par Boeing est estimé à une valeur de 1,6 milliard de dollars.


Boeing AH-64D Apache Block III :

Le Bloc III est la variante la plus avancée de l'hélicoptère d'attaque. Il dispose d’une avionique et d’un système d’arme amélioré. L’appareil dispose d’une meilleure interopérabilité avec les systèmes aériens sans pilote (Drones). Ceci comprend un JTRS (Joint Tactical Radio System), de nouvelles commandes électriques, le nouveau radar de contrôle de tir Longbow block III. L’appareil dispose également d’une capacité en réseau permettant une connectivité avec l’ensemble des moyens aérien et terrestre. Question maintenance, les systèmes permettent une diminution des charges notamment en engagement.

http://psk.blog.24heures.ch/archive/2013/04/17/la-coree-du-sud-choisi-l-ah-64d-apache.html

36 AH64 block III pour $1,6B C'est donné comparé au prix "Arabe"

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une idee du mortier sur la 4eme photo ?