Armée Turque/Turkish Armed Forces/Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri

Rappel du premier message :

A-1600 TCG Iskenderun & A-577 TCG Sokullu Mehmet Pasa entrant dans le port d'Odessa (Ukraine)

Citation :

Turkey receives first Koral land-based EW system

Lale Sariibrahimoglu, Ankara - IHS Jane's Defence Weekly

24 February 2016


Turkey formally received its first Koral EW system from Aselsan on 22 February. Source: SSM


The Turkish Air Force officially received its first locally designed Koral land-based mobile electronic warfare (EW) system from Aselsan on 22 February.

According to an information note released by the Turkish Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM) on 22 February, Koral is able to search for, intercept, analyse, classify, and find the direction of multiple conventional and complex type of radar signals. It also has the capability to jam, deceive, and paralyse hostile radars. It can either be set to automatically respond to hostile signals or it can present suggested options to an operator.

Koral was developed by Aselsan for Turkey under the Land Based Stand-off Jammer System project, which was contracted in July 2009.

A complete Koral EW system includes four Koral Electronic Support Systems (ED) and one Electronic Attack System (ET), each mounted on an 8x8 truck. The vehicles can be up to 500 m away from each other, communicating via fibre-optic cables. The system is reported to have an operating range of 100 km, although no official operating specifications have been issued by Turkey.

Speaking during the handover ceremony, SSM head Ismail Demir said, "We've seen how important electronic warfare is in recent wars." He added that he hoped Koral would lead to the development of an Airborne Stand-off Jammer too. The Turkish Air Force is currently evaluating proposals for such a system, with options including commissioning Aselsan to create one or purchasing one from abroad.

Le véhicule blindé Ejder, on peut remarquer la détection acoustique d'arme à feu, aperçu GPS pour la planification militaire tactique et la tourelle téléguidée. Les dernières technologies pour nos soldats..

Citation :

Turkey deploys 80 tanks to Yuksekova on Iran border
Mar 11, 2016



Yuksekova district of Hakkari intensive military activity took place today in the evening. A large number of tanks in the district passed the Divisional Commander.

Yüksekova, is a Kurdish populated city and formerly known as Gever, is a district of Hakkari Province of Turkey, situated on the border with Iran. Its location on the trade route between north western Iran and eastern Turkey made it an important juncture for travelers and the location of several ethnic groups that were active in regional trade.

Dogan News Agency (DHA compared to) us, until about 80 tanks and heavy military vehicles from the direction of Van, entered the district center under extensive security measures. Tanks moved to Division Headquarters here on the Silk Road. In the town center during the passage of tanks intense security measures were taken.

In the town of Yuksekova near the Iranian border, militants opened fire on security forces removing barricades and ditches, the local governor’s office said. It said the shooting had left one civilian dead and another wounded.

Military operations have also recently wound up in other parts of the mainly Kurdish southeast, most recently in the town of Idil, near the Syrian border. The military said on Wednesday 120 PKK fighters were killed in three weeks of fighting there.

http://defence-blog.com/army/turkey-deploys-80-tanks-to-yuksekova-district-on-iran-border.html

L'armée turque a entreprit des exercices de simulation aérienne et de guerre électronique avec l'Arabie Saoudite, l'Azerbeyjan, le Qatar, le chef d'état-major, le général Akar au centre de commandement de l'armée de l'air turque (Turaf):













L'armée turque a entreprit des manoeuvres militaires dans le Caucase pour prévenir toute menace venant du Caucase (Arménie, Russie):

Citation :

First CH-47F Chinook of Turkish Army made its maiden flight
Mar 28, 2016






Boeing’s CH-47F produced for Turkish Land Forces made its maiden flight yesterday.

Turkey’s procurement and military officials said they expect the first deliveries of the CH-47F heavy transport helicopters soon.

One procurement official said the platform made its maiden flight recently at Boeing’s Philadelphia facilities.

“After further test flights we’ll start receiving the first CH-47Fs, which should be later this year,” he said.

A military official confirmed the helicopters, also known as the “Chinook,” would be part of the army’s operational planning later this year.




http://defence-blog.com/news/first-ch-47f-chinook-of-turkish-army-made-its-maiden-flight.html

Citation :

Qatar: une base militaire turque en cours de construction achevée dans 2 ans


Publié le 30/03/2016 à 21:33 | AFP


Le président turc Recep Tayyip Erdogan (d) et l'émir du Qatar, le cheikh Tamim
bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (g), donnent une conférence de presse à Ankara,
le 19 décembre 2014


Une base militaire turque est en cours de construction au Qatar et sera achevée dans deux ans, a annoncé mercredi le ministre turc de la Défense à Doha.

Il s'agira de la première installation militaire turque dans la région, a déclaré Ismet Yilmaz devant la presse en marge du salon de défense et de sécurité DIMDEX.

"Elle (la base) sera achevée dans deux ans", a-t-il ajouté, en précisant que l'accord pour sa construction avait été approuvé par le Parlement turc.

L'établissement de cette base militaire fait partie d'un accord de défense plus large signé fin 2014 entre Doha et Ankara, tous deux membres de la coalition conduite par les Etats-Unis qui mène des frappes contre le groupe jihadiste Etat islamique (EI) en Syrie et en Irak.

"Nous voulons parvenir à coopérer dans les domaines de l'entraînement (militaire)" et "contribuer à la stabilité dans la région", a encore déclaré M. Yilmaz.

Ce dernier a ajouté que des militaires et des avions qataris étaient actuellement présents en Turquie.

Le Qatar abrite par ailleurs la grande base aérienne d'al-Udeid, siège du Centcom, le commandement des forces américaines au Moyen-Orient. Cette base est utilisée par les avions américains pour bombarder l'EI.

Dans le conflit syrien, la Turquie comme le Qatar soutiennent la rébellion face au régime de Bachar al-Assad.

http://www.lepoint.fr/monde/qatar-une-base-militaire-turque-en-cours-de-construction-achevee-dans-2-ans-30-03-2016-2028973_24.php

L'armée Turque compte au 1 avril 2016: 620 473 personnels..

- 358 généraux et amiraux
- 326 919 conscrits
- 39 468 officiers
- 97 145 sous-officiers
- 104 590 soldats professionnels
- 51 933 civils
- 50 000 miliciens

------

Les armées de terre, mer et air compte: 436 072 personnels.
La Jandarma (Gendarmerie) compte: 178 873 personnels
Les gardes-côtes comptent: 5 528 personnels

----

Ce rajoute à ce chiffre, 250 000 policiers (deuxième force de police au monde en % de la population) et 240 000 forces de sécurité privée.

La Jandarma et les gardes-côtes devront quitter le giron de l'armée pour le ministère de l'intérieur, ils intégreront les forces de police. On se retrouvera avec une force de police de 430 000 personnels. C'est énorme.

Les armées Turque et Pakistanaise s'entraînent très souvent, comme dernièrement:













La garde présidentielle:

Pour ceux qui veulent lire l'histoire de l'armée turque diffusée par le site officiel de l'armée de terre turque.

Création de l'armée turque en - 209 avant JC.

Citation :

TURKISH LAND FORCES HISTORY

BEFORE Turkish Land Forces in The Republican Era

The Hun Emperor Mete Khan’s accession to the throne in 209 B.C. is recognized as the foundation of the Army.

The largest unit in the Turkish Regular Army under Mete Khan was named a “division,” comprising 10,000 horsemen; which were further divided into units of thousands, hundreds and tens. Each division was assigned a Division Commander, Major, Captain or Corporal who was interconnected within the chain of command.

This organization model initiated by Mete Khan existed within the other old Turkish states, among which the Turkish Army was one of the most prominent in the world, especially during the era of the Kök Turks, Uighurs, Seljuks and Ottomans.

After defeating the Ghaznians at the Battle of Dandanakan in 1040, the Seljuks declared independence, and continued to secure Anatolia as the new homeland of the Turks with the defeat of the Byzantines at the Battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) on 26 August, 1071.

In the Seljuk Empire, the organization and training of the army was based on sound principles, and this was passed on to the Anatolian Seljuks and the Egyptian Turkish Mamelukes, who would also go on to create great armies.

The Ottoman Empire, after being established in 1299, expanded and gained strength very rapidly. The Ottoman army left the Anatolian territory in 1363 and went on to win great a number of great victories: in the West, with the battles of Maritsa, Kosovo, Nicopolis, Varna, the conquest of Istanbul and the battle of Mohacs, and in the East in the battles of Chaldiran, Marj Dabiq and Ridaniya.

The Ottoman Army became a regular organization during the reign of Sultan Murat I, and was the first army in history to have cavalrymen. At first, the Ottoman Army comprised only mounted raiders, but later dismounted units were also included. The army was transformed into a permanent force named the Janissary Corps that would go on to play a crucial role in the victories that saw the rise of the Ottoman Empire.

Janissary Corps lost its vitality with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and was abolished after the suppression of the Janissary riot on 15 June, 1826. A new army, called the “Asakiri Mansurei Muhammediye,” was established to replace the Janissary Corps, and was based on battalions named “detachments.” Under this new organization, in 1834 the Army War Academy was established under the name “Mekteb-i Harbiye-i Şahane” for the education of officers to command the army.

In 1843, four years after the declaration of the Political Reform Manifesto, five armies were assembled, with personnel subject to five years of service. In 1848, the manifesto was modified, increasing the number of armies to six. A War College, known as Mekteb-i Funun-u Harbiye-i Şahane, was established in Istanbul on 20 July, 1848. The number of military schools was also increased, and new military schools were opened at the high school (lycee) level in Istanbul and Bursa (1845), in Edirne and Manastır (1846), in Damascus (1847), in Erzurum (1872) and in Baghdad (1875). These schools formed the basis for the War Academy, and of them, only Kuleli Military High School in Istanbul is still active today.

With the proclamation of the Second Tanzimat (constitutional monarchy), in parallel to the innovations in the administrative field, a new arrangement was made in the organization of the army, and the procurement of weapons and materials was increased. These ongoing improvements to the Turkish Army were interrupted by the battles in Tripoli and the Balkans.

Shortly after these battles, the Turkish Army entered the World War I and recorded partial successes at the fronts in Galicya, Yemen and the Caucasus; while its victory in Gallipoli granted it an unforgettable place in world history. Despite its accomplishments on various fronts, the Turkish Army was subjected to severe sanctions under the Armistice of Moudros, signed on 30 October, 1918.

According to the provisions of the Armistice, the Turkish homeland was diminished by the supposedly victorious states, the number of ground forces was reduced, the weapons of the ground forces were confiscated, and the territory was invaded.

The Turkish nation formed a strong resistance against the invasions, with volunteer militia groups being established all over the country.

General Mustafa Kemal and his friends understood that the desired success could not be achieved solely with the efforts of small and dispersed units, and in 1920 they made the first steps towards the establishment of a regular army, leading to the creation of West Front Command.

The Army, which was assembled under great hardship, despite all of the impossibilities of the situation, emerged victorious in the First and Second İnönü Battles; while inspiration at the Battle of Sakarya came in the form of the slogan “There is no line of defense, only a territory of defense; and that territory is the whole of the motherland”.

The Great Attack was launched against the Greek Army on 26 August, 1922, with the Turkish Army under the command of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The Turkish Army was triumphant in both battles. On 1 September, 1922, Mustafa Kemal Pasha ordered “Armies, your first target is the Mediterranean. Forward!”

This order was intended for the enemy who was defeated and fled, and was driven out of the country on 9 September, 1922. Anatolia was saved from the invaders and the Turkish nation was saved from captivity. Subsequently, the entire world recognized the integrity of the nation and the unconditional independence of the Turkish state.

Turkish Land Forces in The Republican Era

After victory in the War of Independence under the leadership of ATATÜRK, the Turkish Land Forces (TLF) was organized into three army inspectorates, comprising nine corps with two divisions and three cavalry divisions.

1923–1939 Period:

After the War of Independence, the remaining arms, weapons and equipment spread across the country were collected, and those found to be inoperative were put back into working order and subsequently sent back into service. A “Science and Arts Department” was established to monitor and analyze the continuous development of weapons and equipment technologies.

In a period of 16 years, national capabilities had reached such a level that they were able to supply the entire clothing needs of the army, in addition to the other Quartermaster and Ordnance requirements.

In Ankara, military facilities were established and activated in order to maintain and improve the weapons and equipment of the TLF.

In 1934 the first Tank Unit was formed in Lüleburgaz.

In 1936 the Military Academy and Army War College resumed training activities.

1939–1945 Period:

For the Turkish Armed Forces and the TLF, 1939 was an important year. With the danger of World War II looming, the requirements had to be met in accordance with the operational organization. The following changes were made to strengthen the TLF:

• As the TLF entered into a wartime state, the number of Corps was increased from 10 to 15, and the Divisions were rearranged.

• Parachute units were formed.

• The units in western Anatolia were reinforced. .

• The units on the eastern border were reinforced.

• In order to increase their strength equally in both the east and west, all branches were mobilized. Open positions in the cadres of the Engineering and Communications units, armored brigades and measurement regiments were filled. Heavy machine-gun companies, horse-drawn and fixed artillery batteries and transportation units, which had been neglected in peacetime due to a lack of funds, were established.

1945–1952 Period:

In 1949, the Land Forces Command was established. Prior to this, the TLF had been commanded by General Staff or operations and training, and the Ministry of Defense for personnel and logistic support. In 1950, Land Forces Command brought all of the branch schools and training centers under its control.

In 1950, at the outbreak of the Korean War, a brigade from the TLF was sent to Korea in support of the United Nations Peace Force.

1952–1992 Period:

Turkey became a member of NATO in 1952.

Following accession to NATO, all branches of the TLF were equipped with modern weapons and equipment, in compliance with NATO standards.

Air Defense Artillery units were established and equipped with Nike missiles.

The Army Aviation School was established in 1957

The 4th Army Corps Command was established in Ankara in 1966.

The Cyprus Peace Operation was executed in 1974, and a corps-level Turkish Peace Forces Command was established in Cyprus.

Aegean Army Command was established in İzmir in 1975.

Other developments in this period were as follows:

• Organization of training command (1985):

TLF Training Command was established on 25 July, 1985, and was renamed the TLF Training and Doctrine Command in 1994.

• Organization of Logistics Command (1988):

The establishment of the Land Forces Logistics Command, which is an executer command between the Land Forces Headquarters and army and individual corps, was completed at the end of 1988. Land Forces Logistics Command was established in order to handle the logistics activities of the TLF in a more rational and effective way, in line with modern warfare requirements.

• Border security:

Under Law No. 3497, which was enacted on 10 November, 1988 and defined the defense and security of the land borders, primary responsibility for the protection of the land borders was given to Land Forces Command.

• Exercises:

Since 1986, Mehmetçik Exercises have been executed in a different army region every year. These exercises provide Commanders and troops with the opportunity to engage in bilateral cooperation in a combat environment, providing higher levels of troop conduct training.

1992–2013 Period:

With the collapse of the Warsaw Pact in 1990 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the balance of power was lost and a state of uncertainty arose. The end of the Cold War led many states to reduce their armed forces, and establish smaller but more efficient armies.

During this period, considering the threats against Turkey, the limitations of the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE Treaty) and the vulnerabilities of the TLF, the intention is to establish a force structure that will:

• Be adaptable to future combat environments,

• Have high mobility and firepower,

• Have the capability to detect and identify the enemy from a distance,

• Have the ability to engage in combat at night,

• Maintain high levels of survivability,

• Be flexible and perform multiple roles,

• Be sufficient in size,

• Be easy to conduct,

• Provide the flexibility for economizing personnel, based on an effective mobilization system,

• Be organized in Battalions, Brigades, Corps and armies.

As a consequence, Divisions were re-organized as Brigades and subordinated to corps. Additionally, Brigades have been organized as armored and mechanized units to improve mobility and firepower.

To improve reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition capabilities, in 2007, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Battalions, Companies and Platoons, including Tactical and Mini-UAV systems, were added to the organization of Army Commands. Also, Mini-UAV system teams were added to the organization of the Brigade and Regimental Commands.

Signal units were reorganized in 2003. CIS capability pools were formed at Signal Regiments in 1st Army Command, 2nd Army Command, 3rd Army Command and 3rd Corps Command. Signal Units were transformed into CIS Units with the organizational modifications made in 2012.

With the establishment of the Logistics Management System, a two-echelon supply and three-level maintenance system was launched, under which the logistics organization of Land Forces Command was reorganized at every level, from Land Forces Headquarters to the Battalion/Independent Company level.

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Units were reorganized in 1997.

Act No. 4185 paved the way for the establishment of an Air Defense Branch as a separate branch from Artillery. Parallel to this, Air Defense Units were reorganized, and the Air Defense School established under the Artillery and Missile School was transferred to its own facilities in Çekmeköy Barracks, İstanbul in 1998. The School moved once again in 2008, this time to Konya.

Established in 1999 in Ankara, the Land Forces Intelligence School was closed and combined with the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) Intelligence School in 2003. The Intelligence School continued its training and education activities and was connected to Turkish Land Forces up until 2010, when it was subordinated to the General Staff. The TAF Intelligence School continues its training and education activities in Ankara.

Army Aviation Command was established on 15 August, 2003 under Land Forces Command in order to establish a central command and control system and to adopt a wartime Command structure in peacetime in the army aviation units.

The TLF’s Engineering units were reorganized in 2006, with engineering capability pools formed at the 1st and 2nd Army at the Engineering Regiment level and at the 3rd Army and Aegean Army at the Engineering Battalion level.

The Service School and Training Centre Commands and Training Brigade Commands were attached to the Land Forces Training and Doctrine Command in 2007.

• Within the scope of the ALTHEA Operation in Bosnia & Herzegovina, based on a decision of the UN Security Council, a Regiment level unit participated in the operation firstly on 4 August, 1994. Since then, various Regiment/Company level units have been assigned to the task.

• Beginning on 13 July, 1999; various Regiment/Company level units were assigned to contribute to the Kosovo Force (KFOR) Operation.

• Within the scope of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Operation, beginning on 16 January, 2002, various Brigade/Company level units have been assigned to Afghanistan. Up until 2011, Turkey has twice taken the lead role in ISAF and Kabul Regional Command. Turkey is leading Kabul Regional Command for the third time and participates at the Brigade level.

• Turkey participated in the UN Interim Force in the Lebanon (UNIFIL) Operation between 20 October 2006-01 September 2013 at the Company level.

To conclude; the TLF is “... the projection of Turkish unity, Turkish strength and ability, Turkish love of country, inscribed in steel!,” and a part of our Armed Forces. The TLF has the determination and will to live up to the expectations of this great nation, and maintains pride and honor at being at the service of the nation.

http://www.kkk.tsk.tr/en/KKKHakkinda/KKKtarihce.aspx

Baybars a écrit:

Pour ceux qui veulent lire l'histoire de l'armée turque diffusée par le site officiel de l'armée de terre turque.

Création de l'armée turque en - 209 avant JC.

Citation :

TURKISH LAND FORCES HISTORY

BEFORE Turkish Land Forces in The Republican Era

The Hun Emperor Mete Khan’s accession to the throne in 209 B.C. is recognized as the foundation of the Army.

The largest unit in the Turkish Regular Army under Mete Khan was named a “division,” comprising 10,000 horsemen; which were further divided into units of thousands, hundreds and tens. Each division was assigned a Division Commander, Major, Captain or Corporal who was interconnected within the chain of command.

This organization model initiated by Mete Khan existed within the other old Turkish states, among which the Turkish Army was one of the most prominent in the world, especially during the era of the Kök Turks, Uighurs, Seljuks and Ottomans.

After defeating the Ghaznians at the Battle of Dandanakan in 1040, the Seljuks declared independence, and continued to secure Anatolia as the new homeland of the Turks with the defeat of the Byzantines at the Battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) on 26 August, 1071.

In the Seljuk Empire, the organization and training of the army was based on sound principles, and this was passed on to the Anatolian Seljuks and the Egyptian Turkish Mamelukes, who would also go on to create great armies.

The Ottoman Empire, after being established in 1299, expanded and gained strength very rapidly. The Ottoman army left the Anatolian territory in 1363 and went on to win great a number of great victories: in the West, with the battles of Maritsa, Kosovo, Nicopolis, Varna, the conquest of Istanbul and the battle of Mohacs, and in the East in the battles of Chaldiran, Marj Dabiq and Ridaniya.

The Ottoman Army became a regular organization during the reign of Sultan Murat I, and was the first army in history to have cavalrymen. At first, the Ottoman Army comprised only mounted raiders, but later dismounted units were also included. The army was transformed into a permanent force named the Janissary Corps that would go on to play a crucial role in the victories that saw the rise of the Ottoman Empire.

Janissary Corps lost its vitality with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and was abolished after the suppression of the Janissary riot on 15 June, 1826. A new army, called the “Asakiri Mansurei Muhammediye,” was established to replace the Janissary Corps, and was based on battalions named “detachments.” Under this new organization, in 1834 the Army War Academy was established under the name “Mekteb-i Harbiye-i Şahane” for the education of officers to command the army.

In 1843, four years after the declaration of the Political Reform Manifesto, five armies were assembled, with personnel subject to five years of service. In 1848, the manifesto was modified, increasing the number of armies to six. A War College, known as Mekteb-i Funun-u Harbiye-i Şahane, was established in Istanbul on 20 July, 1848. The number of military schools was also increased, and new military schools were opened at the high school (lycee) level in Istanbul and Bursa (1845), in Edirne and Manastır (1846), in Damascus (1847), in Erzurum (1872) and in Baghdad (1875). These schools formed the basis for the War Academy, and of them, only Kuleli Military High School in Istanbul is still active today.

With the proclamation of the Second Tanzimat (constitutional monarchy), in parallel to the innovations in the administrative field, a new arrangement was made in the organization of the army, and the procurement of weapons and materials was increased. These ongoing improvements to the Turkish Army were interrupted by the battles in Tripoli and the Balkans.

Shortly after these battles, the Turkish Army entered the World War I and recorded partial successes at the fronts in Galicya, Yemen and the Caucasus; while its victory in Gallipoli granted it an unforgettable place in world history. Despite its accomplishments on various fronts, the Turkish Army was subjected to severe sanctions under the Armistice of Moudros, signed on 30 October, 1918.

According to the provisions of the Armistice, the Turkish homeland was diminished by the supposedly victorious states, the number of ground forces was reduced, the weapons of the ground forces were confiscated, and the territory was invaded.

The Turkish nation formed a strong resistance against the invasions, with volunteer militia groups being established all over the country.

General Mustafa Kemal and his friends understood that the desired success could not be achieved solely with the efforts of small and dispersed units, and in 1920 they made the first steps towards the establishment of a regular army, leading to the creation of West Front Command.

The Army, which was assembled under great hardship, despite all of the impossibilities of the situation, emerged victorious in the First and Second İnönü Battles; while inspiration at the Battle of Sakarya came in the form of the slogan “There is no line of defense, only a territory of defense; and that territory is the whole of the motherland”.

The Great Attack was launched against the Greek Army on 26 August, 1922, with the Turkish Army under the command of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The Turkish Army was triumphant in both battles. On 1 September, 1922, Mustafa Kemal Pasha ordered “Armies, your first target is the Mediterranean. Forward!”

This order was intended for the enemy who was defeated and fled, and was driven out of the country on 9 September, 1922. Anatolia was saved from the invaders and the Turkish nation was saved from captivity. Subsequently, the entire world recognized the integrity of the nation and the unconditional independence of the Turkish state.

Turkish Land Forces in The Republican Era

After victory in the War of Independence under the leadership of ATATÜRK, the Turkish Land Forces (TLF) was organized into three army inspectorates, comprising nine corps with two divisions and three cavalry divisions.

1923–1939 Period:

After the War of Independence, the remaining arms, weapons and equipment spread across the country were collected, and those found to be inoperative were put back into working order and subsequently sent back into service. A “Science and Arts Department” was established to monitor and analyze the continuous development of weapons and equipment technologies.

In a period of 16 years, national capabilities had reached such a level that they were able to supply the entire clothing needs of the army, in addition to the other Quartermaster and Ordnance requirements.

In Ankara, military facilities were established and activated in order to maintain and improve the weapons and equipment of the TLF.

In 1934 the first Tank Unit was formed in Lüleburgaz.

In 1936 the Military Academy and Army War College resumed training activities.

1939–1945 Period:

For the Turkish Armed Forces and the TLF, 1939 was an important year. With the danger of World War II looming, the requirements had to be met in accordance with the operational organization. The following changes were made to strengthen the TLF:

• As the TLF entered into a wartime state, the number of Corps was increased from 10 to 15, and the Divisions were rearranged.

• Parachute units were formed.

• The units in western Anatolia were reinforced. .

• The units on the eastern border were reinforced.

• In order to increase their strength equally in both the east and west, all branches were mobilized. Open positions in the cadres of the Engineering and Communications units, armored brigades and measurement regiments were filled. Heavy machine-gun companies, horse-drawn and fixed artillery batteries and transportation units, which had been neglected in peacetime due to a lack of funds, were established.

1945–1952 Period:

In 1949, the Land Forces Command was established. Prior to this, the TLF had been commanded by General Staff or operations and training, and the Ministry of Defense for personnel and logistic support. In 1950, Land Forces Command brought all of the branch schools and training centers under its control.

In 1950, at the outbreak of the Korean War, a brigade from the TLF was sent to Korea in support of the United Nations Peace Force.

1952–1992 Period:

Turkey became a member of NATO in 1952.

Following accession to NATO, all branches of the TLF were equipped with modern weapons and equipment, in compliance with NATO standards.

Air Defense Artillery units were established and equipped with Nike missiles.

The Army Aviation School was established in 1957

The 4th Army Corps Command was established in Ankara in 1966.

The Cyprus Peace Operation was executed in 1974, and a corps-level Turkish Peace Forces Command was established in Cyprus.

Aegean Army Command was established in İzmir in 1975.

Other developments in this period were as follows:

• Organization of training command (1985):

TLF Training Command was established on 25 July, 1985, and was renamed the TLF Training and Doctrine Command in 1994.

• Organization of Logistics Command (1988):

The establishment of the Land Forces Logistics Command, which is an executer command between the Land Forces Headquarters and army and individual corps, was completed at the end of 1988. Land Forces Logistics Command was established in order to handle the logistics activities of the TLF in a more rational and effective way, in line with modern warfare requirements.

• Border security:

Under Law No. 3497, which was enacted on 10 November, 1988 and defined the defense and security of the land borders, primary responsibility for the protection of the land borders was given to Land Forces Command.

• Exercises:

Since 1986, Mehmetçik Exercises have been executed in a different army region every year. These exercises provide Commanders and troops with the opportunity to engage in bilateral cooperation in a combat environment, providing higher levels of troop conduct training.

1992–2013 Period:

With the collapse of the Warsaw Pact in 1990 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the balance of power was lost and a state of uncertainty arose. The end of the Cold War led many states to reduce their armed forces, and establish smaller but more efficient armies.

During this period, considering the threats against Turkey, the limitations of the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE Treaty) and the vulnerabilities of the TLF, the intention is to establish a force structure that will:

• Be adaptable to future combat environments,

• Have high mobility and firepower,

• Have the capability to detect and identify the enemy from a distance,

• Have the ability to engage in combat at night,

• Maintain high levels of survivability,

• Be flexible and perform multiple roles,

• Be sufficient in size,

• Be easy to conduct,

• Provide the flexibility for economizing personnel, based on an effective mobilization system,

• Be organized in Battalions, Brigades, Corps and armies.

As a consequence, Divisions were re-organized as Brigades and subordinated to corps. Additionally, Brigades have been organized as armored and mechanized units to improve mobility and firepower.

To improve reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition capabilities, in 2007, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Battalions, Companies and Platoons, including Tactical and Mini-UAV systems, were added to the organization of Army Commands. Also, Mini-UAV system teams were added to the organization of the Brigade and Regimental Commands.

Signal units were reorganized in 2003. CIS capability pools were formed at Signal Regiments in 1st Army Command, 2nd Army Command, 3rd Army Command and 3rd Corps Command. Signal Units were transformed into CIS Units with the organizational modifications made in 2012.

With the establishment of the Logistics Management System, a two-echelon supply and three-level maintenance system was launched, under which the logistics organization of Land Forces Command was reorganized at every level, from Land Forces Headquarters to the Battalion/Independent Company level.

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Units were reorganized in 1997.

Act No. 4185 paved the way for the establishment of an Air Defense Branch as a separate branch from Artillery. Parallel to this, Air Defense Units were reorganized, and the Air Defense School established under the Artillery and Missile School was transferred to its own facilities in Çekmeköy Barracks, İstanbul in 1998. The School moved once again in 2008, this time to Konya.

Established in 1999 in Ankara, the Land Forces Intelligence School was closed and combined with the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) Intelligence School in 2003. The Intelligence School continued its training and education activities and was connected to Turkish Land Forces up until 2010, when it was subordinated to the General Staff. The TAF Intelligence School continues its training and education activities in Ankara.

Army Aviation Command was established on 15 August, 2003 under Land Forces Command in order to establish a central command and control system and to adopt a wartime Command structure in peacetime in the army aviation units.

The TLF’s Engineering units were reorganized in 2006, with engineering capability pools formed at the 1st and 2nd Army at the Engineering Regiment level and at the 3rd Army and Aegean Army at the Engineering Battalion level.

The Service School and Training Centre Commands and Training Brigade Commands were attached to the Land Forces Training and Doctrine Command in 2007.

• Within the scope of the ALTHEA Operation in Bosnia & Herzegovina, based on a decision of the UN Security Council, a Regiment level unit participated in the operation firstly on 4 August, 1994. Since then, various Regiment/Company level units have been assigned to the task.

• Beginning on 13 July, 1999; various Regiment/Company level units were assigned to contribute to the Kosovo Force (KFOR) Operation.

• Within the scope of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Operation, beginning on 16 January, 2002, various Brigade/Company level units have been assigned to Afghanistan. Up until 2011, Turkey has twice taken the lead role in ISAF and Kabul Regional Command. Turkey is leading Kabul Regional Command for the third time and participates at the Brigade level.

• Turkey participated in the UN Interim Force in the Lebanon (UNIFIL) Operation between 20 October 2006-01 September 2013 at the Company level.

To conclude; the TLF is “... the projection of Turkish unity, Turkish strength and ability, Turkish love of country, inscribed in steel!,” and a part of our Armed Forces. The TLF has the determination and will to live up to the expectations of this great nation, and maintains pride and honor at being at the service of the nation.

http://www.kkk.tsk.tr/en/KKKHakkinda/KKKtarihce.aspx

baybar explique moi comment est possible ça?
il y a pas de continuité historique
c'est un gros mensonge
c'est comme si l'italie dit que son armée naquit avec l empire romain (et l Italie existe depuis 150 ans)
tout ça n'a pas de sense
le corp militaire le plus ancien au monde c'est la garde royale (garde noire) marocaine crée en 1088 et depuis 1088 n'a jamais disparue
la formation de votre armée a été faite en 1826 (en 1923 avec la forme actuelle)

Il y a toujours une continuité historique depuis -209 avant JC jusqu'à aujourd'hui, les Turcs sont les enfants de l'empire Ottoman, les Ottomans étaient les enfants des Seldjoukides, les Seldjoukides étaient les enfants des Ghaznévides, qui eux étaient les enfants des des Göktürk, qui étaient les enfants des Huns qui étaient les enfants des Xiongnu..

Les sources chinoises sont assez claires, les Xiongnu étaient turc de par leur langue.

Celui qui se limite a 1923 est celui renie sont histoire, 1923 est juste un changement de régime, c'est comme dire que la France commence en 1789, c'est ridicule.

Les Ottomans étaient un clan parmi les Seldjoukides, qui ont prient l'ascendance sur les autres.

Le système de Tümen, Bin est toujours appliquée par l'armée turque.

c'est le meme peuple peut etre mais pas le meme état
tu vois ce que je veux dire?

moi j'aime bien la Turquie mais je vois pas ça logique

C'est le même état, c'est la continuité de ces pays, l'Etat Turc n'a jamais disparu, il y a eu des changements de dynasties, mais l'Etat Turc a toujours existé.

Baybars a écrit:

C'est le même état, c'est la continuité de ces pays, l'Etat Turc n'a jamais disparu, il y a eu des changements de dynasties, mais l'Etat Turc a toujours existé.

il s'appelé comment ce état turk?
jamais entendu parler

badr le patriotique a écrit:

Baybars a écrit:

C'est le même état, c'est la continuité de ces pays, l'Etat Turc n'a jamais disparu, il y a eu des changements de dynasties, mais l'Etat Turc a toujours existé.

il s'appelé comment ce état turk?
jamais entendu parler

Xiongnu. Le premier royaume turc de l'histoire:

Ils étaient de la religion du Tangrisme (Le Dieu unique du ciel), l'ancienne religion des Turcs avant l'Islam. C'est pour ça que les Turcs ont accepté assez facilement l'Islam.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu

Après les Xiongnu, c'est l'empire Hunnique puis les Göktürk (Royaume des Turcs célestes):

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk

Baybars a écrit:

badr le patriotique a écrit:

Baybars a écrit:

C'est le même état, c'est la continuité de ces pays, l'Etat Turc n'a jamais disparu, il y a eu des changements de dynasties, mais l'Etat Turc a toujours existé.

il s'appelé comment ce état turk?
jamais entendu parler

Xiongnu. Le premier royaume turc de l'histoire:

Ils étaient de la religion du Tangrisme (Le Dieu unique du ciel), l'ancienne religion des Turcs avant l'Islam. C'est pour ça que les Turcs ont accepté assez facilement l'Islam.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu

Après les Xiongnu, c'est l'empire Hunnique puis les Göktürk (Royaume des Turcs célestes):

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk

merci pour les liens
mais ces empire étaient situés en mongolie

badr le patriotique a écrit:

merci pour les liens
mais ces empire étaient situés en mongolie

Oui, les Turcs sont originaires des monts Altaï en Sibérie, au nord de la Mongolie. Les Turcs ont migré vers l'Europe par le nord (L'empire Hunnique d'Attila, Khazars, Göktürk), d'autres ont migré vers la Chine (les Chinois ont construit la grande muraille), d'autres ont migré vers l'Inde (L'empire Hephtalite (Shvetahûna), l'empire Moghôl, l'empire Timouride), d'autres ont migré vers le Moyen-Orient (l'Empire Seldjoukide, l'empire Ghaznévides, Sultanat du Roum, Mamelouk d'Egypte, Zengides de Mésopotamie, l'empire Ottoman, l'empire Safavide d'Iran).

Des savants de l'Islam disent que les Turcs sont les cousins de Yajouj et Majouj..

Baybars a écrit:

Des savants de l'Islam disent que les Turcs sont les cousins de Yajouj et Majouj..

C'est un avis très isolé ,certains en même pensé pendant l'invasion au moyen-orient des Tatars au 11eme siècle ,qu'ils étaient Yajouj et Majouj .

fin du HS .

peut ont conclure qu il y ai continuité en se basant sur la seul langue ??

La filiation linguistique peut regrouper des milliers de langue, de peuples aux coutumes, cultures, religions et histoires differentes.

un habitant d asie centrale se reconnaitrait plus dans l histoire russe/sovietique que  dans l histoire de  la Turquie d aujourd hui (Ataturk, Empire Ottoman...)

et pourtant il sont turc,ou d orgine turcs ou parlant une langue turcs...

il fut un temps ou l arabe etait la langue mondiale, et le monde arabo islamique le centre du monde, scientifique, économique, culturel...

aujourd'hui hui nous somme à la traine technologiquement, militairement, scientifiquement, économiquement, culturellement et les nations arabo-musulmanes de simple nations tout aux mieux de seconde zones sur l échiquier mondiale.

chercher la gloire d antan (empire ottoman, peuples vieux de 3000 ans parlant turc...) n apporte rien, si ce n est à se rassurer dans des periodes  troubles ou de faiblesses

Alloudi a écrit:

peut ont conclure qu il y ai continuité en se basant sur la seul  langue ??

La filiation linguistique peut regrouper des milliers de langue, de peuples aux coutumes, cultures, religions et histoires differentes.

un habitant d asie centrale se reconnaitrait plus dans l histoire russe/sovietique que  dans l histoire de  la Turquie d aujourd hui (Ataturk, Empire Ottoman...)

et pourtant il sont turc,ou d orgine turcs ou parlant une langue turcs...

il fut un temps ou l arabe etait la langue mondiale, et le monde arabo islamique le centre du monde, scientifique, économique, culturel...

aujourd'hui hui nous somme à la traine technologiquement, militairement, scientifiquement, économiquement, culturellement et les nations arabo-musulmanes de simple nations tout aux mieux de seconde zones sur l échiquier mondiale.

chercher la gloire d antan (empire ottoman, peuples vieux de 3000 ans parlant turc...) n apporte rien, si ce n est à se rassurer dans des periodes  troubles ou de faiblesses

Il y a mieux, il y a une continuité étatique depuis - 209 avant JC, sauf pendant la période des Beyliks et la défaite d'Ankara de 1402 et la mort du Sultan Bayezid ou une guerre civile s'est ensuivit entre les héritiers au trône ottoman (c'est après ça qu'ils ont établit la règle de massacré toute la famille de l'adversaire).

Les Ottomans étaient issu de la famille Seldjoukide, ces derniers étaient des éléments au sein de l'appareil d'état Ghaznévides, etc... Ce sont des coup d'état successif et les changements de dynasties mais la base étatique resta pareil depuis des siècles. Mustafa Kemal était un officier ottoman, il n'a pas crée un nouveau pays, mais juste changé le régime, comme en France en 1789.

Pour les Turcs d'Asie Centrale, la Turquie mène une politique culturelle agressive pour les faire venir, et ça marche..

Je pense que c'est en regardant son passé qu'on peut mieux avancé dans le futur.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaumes_turcs

oui baybar mais c'est pas ''Turquie''
sinon tout les pays turkmènes comme le turkmenistan ou l azerbajan ou l mongolie peut dire la meme chose que t'es en train de dire
moi franchement jsuis pas d'accord
pourquoi votre armée date -209 et celle de la mongolie (les ''vrai turcs'') non?
en plus il y a pas de continuité comme a dit alloudi
oui il y a le peuple turc
mais ces étais étais des état éphemères (qui n'était meme pas en mesopotamie)
pour moi la Turquie née avec l empire ottoman

badr le patriotique a écrit:

oui baybar mais c'est pas ''Turquie''
sinon tout les pays turkmènes comme le turkmenistan ou l azerbajan ou l mongolie peut dire la meme chose que t'es en train de dire
moi franchement jsuis pas d'accord
pourquoi votre armée date -209 et celle de la mongolie (les ''vrai turcs'') non?
en plus il y a pas de continuité comme a dit alloudi
oui il y a le peuple turc
mais ces étais étais des état éphemères (qui n'était meme pas en mesopotamie)
pour moi la Turquie née avec l empire ottoman

Bingo! Badr

badr le patriotique a écrit:

oui baybar mais c'est pas ''Turquie''
sinon tout les pays turkmènes comme le turkmenistan ou l azerbajan ou l mongolie peut dire la meme chose que t'es en train de dire
moi franchement jsuis pas d'accord
pourquoi votre armée date -209 et celle de la mongolie (les ''vrai turcs'') non?
en plus il y a pas de continuité comme a dit alloudi
oui il y a le peuple turc
mais ces étais étais des état éphemères (qui n'était meme pas en mesopotamie)
pour moi la Turquie née avec l empire ottoman

La Turquie n'est pas l'empire Ottoman, et la Turquie ne naît pas avec, car les Ottomans étaient un clan parmi les Seldjoukides, c'est comme dire, qu'un clan avec les Alaouites du Maroc gouverne le Maroc. C'est un peu comme ça.

D'ailleurs, les fondements de l'état Ottoman fut la Syrie à la base quand Souleman Shah mourrait au bord de l'Euphrate. Soulayman Shah bien que membre de la famille qui donnera les Ottomans était un prince Seldjoukide.

Nos relations avec les Turcs d'Asie centrale sont simples: "Un seul peuple, plusieurs états".

oui mais pourquoi l'armée turc oui -209 et pas celle du azerbajan ou de la mongolie (le vrai berceau des turcs)?