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Sujet: Systèmes SAM&ABM navals ( Documentation ) Ven 13 Nov - 14:39
Rappel du premier message :
Mica VL
Citation :
MBDA has exploited the success and operationally proven capabilities of the in-service MICA air-to-air missile to develop two highly effective air defence systems, VL MICA (Land) and VL MICA (Naval). Both systems have been designed to offer a highly effective, rapid reaction, all-weather air defence against the widest range of threats.
Both MICA air defence systems feature vertical launch, a very short reaction time and a high firing rate. In addition they can both engage several targets simultaneously and provide 360° defence coverage without costly dedicated tracking and guidance suites.
As with the air-to-air weapon, the MICA fire and forget missile features a thrust vector control system and two seeker variants, active radar or infrared imaging.
VL MICA (Naval)
Developed to provide the capabilities of a Point Defence Missile System (PDMS), an Inner Layer Missile System (ILMS) and a Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) to counter a potential saturating anti-ship missile attack.
The VL MICA (Naval) launch canister is key to the system. Canisters can be installed in machined and aligned slots in a silo structure, part or fully buried in the ship’s deck. Alternatively, the canisters can be installed alongside the ship’s hangar or any suitable vertical bulkhead. Installation in a wide range of either new or retrofit warships, from fast patrol craft to major vessels, is therefore relatively easy. The canister serves as the storage and transportation unit as well as the vertical launcher. Missile system life cycle costs can therefore be minimised.
Target designation can be derived direct from the ship’s Combat Management System (CMS) with target data from a 3-D surveillance radar. Systems integration is facilitated via an electronic interface unit installed below deck. Each interface unit links eight VL MICA missiles to the CMS. As the system does not require dedicated target trackers, it has a truly 360° engagement capability.
Weight: 112 Kg Warhead weight : 13 kg Longueur : 3.1 m Diamétre : 166 mm Portée : 20 Km
____________________ Aster 15 SAAM
Citation :
The ASTER modular family of vertically launched missiles is being developed under the leadership of MBDA within the Franco-Italian FSAF (Future Surface-to-Air Family) programme. Under this programme, France and Italy agreed to develop and produce a family of naval platform and ground based air defence systems for the armed forces of both countries. A subsequent trilateral agreement signed between France, Italy and the United Kingdom resulted in the development of a third naval air defence system using the Aster family of missiles known as PAAMS (Principal Anti-Air Missile System).
>SAAM (Surface-to-Air Anti-Missile): Using the Aster 15 (30km range) missile, SAAM is a high performance and highly manoeuvrable medium range anti-aircraft and anti-missile system for point and local defence against a new generation of threats including high speed, stealthy and highly manoeuvrable sea skimming anti-ship, cruise and anti-radar missiles.
>SAAM provides effective defence against anti-ship missiles and modern combat aircraft and is able to counter saturation attack in extreme countermeasures environments. The system comprises a fire control system with multifunction electronic scanning radar, Sylver vertical launchers each containing eight ready-to-fire missiles and the Aster 15 anti-missile missiles.
>The French SAAM/FR and Italian SAAM/IT variants are both the same except for the fire control system. The French Navy will use the Thales ARABEL radar while the Italian Navy will deploy the Selex Integrated Systems EMPAR radar.
>The Aster 15 missile active RF seeker and inertial mid-course guidance gives the system great advantages over comparable systems in terms of target handling. Employing a unique combination of aerodynamic and thrust vector control, the Aster 15 missile has unrivalled agility and manoeuvrability, making the weapon highly effective in all operating conditions against highly agile and stealthy targets.
Weight: 310 Kg Warhead weight : 30 kg Longueur : 4.2 m Diamétre : 180 mm Portée : 30 Km
____________________
Aster 15 & 30 PAAMS
Citation :
>PAAMS (Principal Anti-Air Missile System): A 360° omni-directional system providing multi-layer air defence to armed fleets or groups of unarmed support and merchant ships. It incorporates three separate mission capabilities in a single naval air defence system – ship self-defence for protection of the PAAMS warship; local area defence for nearby ship defence; and medium and long-range air defence. PAAMS has been designed to provide optimum protection against omni-directional and co-ordinated attacks from sub- or supersonic missiles, aircraft and high value UAVs.
>PAAMS comprises a Multi Function Radar (MFR), a sophisticated Command and Control sub-system (C2), and a dual missile Vertical Launch Sub-system (VLS) containing a combination of 48, ready-to-fire Aster 15 and Aster 30 missiles (same as for SAMP/T). PAAMS is supported by a Long Range Radar (LRR) for long-range surveillance.
>Two PAAMS system variants are being developed. The Royal Navy system - PAAMS(S) - will use the BAE SYSTEMS SAMPSON radar while the French and Italian navies will deploy a system equipped with an EMPAR radar/fire control unit – PAAMS (E).
>Depending on the threat, the combination of the Aster 15 and Aster 30 missiles enables the PAAMS system to fire in any configuration from the PAAMS Sylver A50 launcher providing an impenetrable defence envelope day or night, even in cases of extreme ECM and in all weather conditions.
Weight: 450 Kg Warhead weight : 47 kg Longueur : 4.9 m Diamétre : 180 mm Portée : 100 Km ____________________ SeaWolf
Citation :
SEAWOLF was the first operational anti-missile ship defence weapon system. It has proved its efficiency against fast sea skimming and high angle supersonic missiles. Vertical Launch SEAWOLF is a fully automatic, fast reaction, high speed, point defence missile system offering an effective counter to multiple missile attack. VL SEAWOLF (VL = Vertical Launch) is accurate enough to intercept 4.5 inch (114 mm) shells.
Once the surveillance radar has detected targets, the ship’s command system evaluates them and prioritises the threat. Designated high threat targets are then automatically passed to the SEAWOLF tracker subsystem which then searches for and locks onto the target. The system automatically decides upon missile launch and guides the SEAWOLF missile up to intercept using highly accurate Command to Line of Sight (CLOS) guidance.
The missile Vertically launched, the missile is turned over quickly using thrust vector control. Once the boost motor has separated, the missile is controlled by its rear fins, giving it high manoeuvrability. The rear-facing command aerials, mounted on the missile wings, make it extremely resistant to electronic countermeasures.
The launch canister Vertical Launch SEAWOLF missiles are stored and transported in sealed launch canisters and require no maintenance on-board ship. The canister has its own integral ducts for efflux management, making installation on board ship simple and flexible.
The tracker Vertical Launch SEAWOLF operates with one or two lightweight radar trackers.
Weight: 140 Kg Warhead weight : 14 kg Longueur : 3 m Diamétre : 180 mm Portée : 10 Km
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Sujet: Re: Systèmes SAM&ABM navals ( Documentation ) Sam 7 Nov - 21:30
messages : 41683 Inscrit le : 20/10/2010 Localisation : france Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
Sujet: Re: Systèmes SAM&ABM navals ( Documentation ) Ven 27 Nov - 17:05
Citation :
Barak 8 First Sea Launch
defenseupdate
Ajoutée le 26 nov. 2015
Israel's Ministry of Defense and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) conducted today the first full system flight and intercept test of the Barak 8 missile system developed jointly by Israel and India
Adam Modérateur
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Navy SM-6 Missile Will Attempt To Swat Down A Mock Hypersonic Weapon
The new version of the SM-6 missile that is currently under development will itself be able to reach hypersonic speeds.
The Missile Defense Agency, together with the U.S. Navy, plan to test an SM-6 missile against an "advanced maneuvering threat," a term that has been used in relation to unpowered hypersonic boost-glide vehicles, later this year. The Pentagon says that unspecified versions of the SM-6 have already demonstrated some degree of capability against these types of weapons, examples of which Russia and China have already begun putting to service. A new variant of the SM-6, the Block IB, is already under development and will itself be able to reach hypersonic speeds.
Barbara McQuiston, a senior U.S. official currently performing the duties of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, including mention of the scheduled SM-6 test in her testimony before the Senate Appropriations Committee's Subcommittee on Defense yesterday. The aim of the hearing was to give Senators on the subcommittee an update on Department of Defense innovation and research efforts, broadly.
The US Navy's Arleigh Burke class destroyer USS Hopper fires an SM-3 missile during a test. MDA has previously said that ships in this class would be the first to be armed with an anti-hypersonic weapon interceptor.
"MDA [the Missile Defense Agency], in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, demonstrated early capability against maneuvering threats during flight-testing of the Standard Missile (SM)-6 Sea-Based Terminal (SBT) defense, and it will further demonstrate this capability against an advanced maneuvering threat-representative target later this year," according to McQuiston's written testimony. "We will continue to advance our SBT capability to address the regional hypersonic threat and will test that capability in the FY 2024 timeframe."
As noted, the phrase "advanced maneuvering threat" has previously been used in relation to hypersonic boost-glide vehicles. Russia has at least one such weapon, Avangard, in limited service now, as does China, with the DF-17. China is also developing other weapons in this category, possibly including an air-launched type for its H-6N missile carrier aircraft.
There is growing interesting in boost-glide vehicles elsewhere in the world, as well, including in the United States, where the U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy are all in the process of developing their own designs. MDA has already been involved in U.S. hypersonic weapon testing, collecting data to support counter-hypersonic projects.
Unpowered boost-glide vehicles use a rocket motor to get them to an optimal altitude and speed. At that point, the vehicle detaches and glides down to its target at hypersonic speeds, defined as anything above Mach 5, along an atmospheric trajectory.
A graphic offering a very rudimentary look at the difference in flight paths between hypersonic boost-glide vehicles and more conventional ballistic missiles
Boost-glide vehicles are designed to make very unpredictable movements during their flights compared to traditional ballistic missiles, even ones with maneuverable reentry vehicles. As a result, the hypersonic weapons present significant challenges for enemy air and missile defenses, even particularly dense defensive networks protecting high-value targets. The combination of speed and maneuverability makes these weapons difficult to spot and track, and reduces the overall amount of time available to react in any way, including simply trying to move critical assets out of the target area or otherwise attempting to seek cover.
More conventional ballistic missiles with increasing degrees of maneuverability, including air-launched types, such as Russia's Kinzhal, also reach hypersonic velocities in the terminal phase of flight and present their own form of "advanced maneuvering threat." Air-breathing cruise missiles able to reach hypersonic speeds and maneuver erratically at low altitudes present another emerging concern.
This is not the first time the Pentagon has publicly discussed using a variant of the SM-6 for hypersonic defense. In March 2020, Mike Griffin, then the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, first revealed that this missile was among those being considered for this role and that there were plans to test one of them against an actual hypersonic boost-glide vehicle sometime in the 2023 Fiscal Year. It's not clear whether the test Griffin was referring to is the one now scheduled for this year or the one that MDA now plans to carry out in the 2024 Fiscal Year.
Just days before Griffin made his remarks last year, Navy Vice Admiral Jon Hill, director of MDA, had also said that the interceptor being developed under the Regional Glide Phase Weapon System (RGPWS) program would fit inside Mk 41 Vertical Launch System (VLS) launch cells. The SM-6 is designed to be fired from Mk 41 VLSs with longer "strike-length" cells.
A graphic showing various weapons that can be loaded into Mk 41 VLSs with strike or tactical-length cells, including the SM-6.
In her written testimony, McQuiston mentioned "a newly designated Glide Phase Intercept initiative to develop a capability to defeat a regional hypersonic threat." It's not clear how this new effort relates to the earlier RGPWS program. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has also been exploring counter-hypersonic capabilities through its Glide Breaker program.
It's also not clear what variant or variants of the SM-6, which is also known as the RIM-174 Standard Extended Range Active Missile (ERAM), MDA plans to employ in any of these future hypersonic defense tests. The original SM-6, which entered service in 2013 as a new weapon for Navy warships equipped with the Aegis combat system, is a highly-capable missile, as you can read about in more detail here. It can be employed against aircraft and low-flying cruise missiles and has the ability to knock down certain kinds of ballistic missiles in the terminal phase of their flight – the same SBT role that McQuiston references in her testimony.
An SM-6 Block I or Block IA missile
The SM-6 has a nascent surface-to-surface capability, as well. The Block IA version of the missile adds a GPS-assisted guidance option to expand its ability to hit static surface targets. Both the Block I and Block IA variants have two-way data links that allow them to get updated targeting information in flight from both the ship that launched them and offboard platforms.
In 2019, the Navy disclosed additional plans for a Block IB version of the SM-6 that would mate the guidance system and other components of the Block IA to the enlarged missile body used on the SM-3 Block IIA missile. The SM-3 Block IIA is designed to engage ballistic missile threats in the mid-course portion of their flights when they are flying at extremely high altitudes.
A briefing slide giving a sense of how much larger the SM-3 Block IIA's body is compared to older SM-3 variants, which are similar in general size and shape to SM-6 Block I/IA missiles.
It is the still-under-development Block IB version of the missile that would seem best suited to hypersonic defense. A report on U.S. hypersonic weapons development programs that the Government Accountability Office (GAO), a Congressional watchdog, released in March confirmed earlier reports that this variant will fly at hypersonic speeds.
A table from the March 2021 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on US hypersonic weapon developments that includes the SM-6 Block IB missile as among the types now in development.
An SM-6 variant would also be a good starting place for developing a hypersonic defense weapon that could be used to protect assets at sea, as well as on land. The U.S. Army is already in process of evaluating a land-based version of this missile as a longer-range strike weapon. The Navy could potentially integrate advanced SM-6s into existing and future Aegis ashore missile defense sites, as well.
If the hypersonic defense version of the SM-6 remains similar, if not largely identical, to an existing variant, such as the Block IB, the missile could remain an extremely flexible weapon that ships or ground-based launch platforms could still employ against a wide range of other targets, as well. It's certainly not hard to see how one variant might offer a single line of defense against hypersonic boost-glide vehicles, as well as air-breathing hypersonic cruise missiles and advanced ballistic missiles.
At the same time, questions remain about just how effective any kind of interceptor will ever be against hypersonic threats. "Directed energy weapons (high energy lasers or particle beam) or space-based interceptors provide the best overall hope of a hard kill," the NATO Science & Technology Organization said in a March 2020 report, which seemed to imply the possibility of a successful interception of a hypersonic weapon was low, in general.
Clearly, the forthcoming tests of the SM-6 in the counter-hypersonic role are meant to prove that a version of this weapon will indeed offer valuable additional protection against these emerging advanced threats.
_________________ Les peuples ne meurent jamais de faim mais de honte.
Fahed64 Administrateur
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_________________ Sois généreux avec nous, Ô toi Dieu et donne nous la Victoire
jf16 General de Division
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Sujet: Re: Systèmes SAM&ABM navals ( Documentation ) Mer 30 Oct - 19:15
Citation :
Artemis – les yeux de la mer
Protéger les navires contre les multiples menaces qui peuvent surgir à tout instant nécessite une surveillance constante de la mer et du littoral. Les systèmes navals de veille optronique contribuent aujourd’hui à assurer le niveau de surveillance et de sécurité dont les responsables militaires ont besoin pour maximiser la survivabilité des navires et des flottes.
Outre la kyrielle de menaces asymétriques dont le nombre ne fait que croître, les forces navales doivent également être en mesure de déjouer les attaques de missiles supersoniques dotés d’autodirecteurs à infrarouge que les seuls systèmes de guerre électronique sont incapables de détecter. Il est désormais extrêmement risqué – quelles que soient les capacités des radars les plus récents –, de s’appuyer sur une technologie unique de capteurs, dès lors que la survie du navire est en jeu.
Artemis est la toute dernière génération de systèmes navals de veille optronique (IRST) à têtes statiques élaborée par Thales. Elle utilise trois ou quatre senseurs passifs indépendants, fixés sur un mât ou toute autre structure haute du navire. Contrairement aux systèmes traditionnels, ces senseurs ne sont pas équipés de têtes rotatives pour balayer l’horizon, mais de têtes statiques qui restent « verrouillées » en permanence sur le secteur qui leur est assigné pour assurer une surveillance panoramique à 360°, de jour comme de nuit, sans aucun angle mort.
Aucune pièce mobile
Les systèmes IRST de précédente génération, qui procédaient à un balayage de la zone à couvrir, ne peuvent concurrencer le niveau de sensibilité et la rapidité d’actualisation des données dont bénéficient les nouveaux systèmes de veille optronique qui ne quittent jamais des yeux le secteur de surveillance qui leur a été confié. De surcroît, la tête statique permet une facilité d’intégration optimale dans les architectures hautes et les superstructures les plus récentes. La suppression des éléments rotatifs, en augmentant notablement le niveau de fiabilité, réduit d’autant les besoins de maintenance.
Artemis utilise des algorithmes sophistiqués pour détecter et poursuivre des engins évoluant à grande vitesse à la surface des flots, ainsi que diverses menaces aériennes – caractéristiques des conflits asymétriques que l’on connaît actuellement –, avec un taux de fausses alertes considérablement réduit. Les senseurs eux-mêmes ont été conçus pour couvrir une zone de 120° avec une seule caméra, alors que les autres systèmes en nécessitent habituellement sept ou huit.
Une longueur d’avance
Avec une caméra infrarouge à technologie refroidie, offrant un haut niveau de performance, installée dans chaque tête, Artemis est en mesure de détecter, poursuivre et classifier automatiquement une large gamme de menaces de surface, en fonction de leur signature infrarouge. Le système est capable de poursuivre – et d’intégrer au système de gestion de combat (CMS) jusqu’à 200 objectifs simultanés à courte et moyenne distance –, y compris les avions de combat opérant à très basse altitude, les missiles supersoniques et à vol rasant, ainsi que les fast-boats ou les jet skis manœuvrant à grande vitesse.
En zone littorale, Artemis permet de renforcer et d’élargir les capacités des systèmes radar embarqués en détectant des objectifs dont la classification s’avère habituellement très problématique, comme les embarcations rapides qui profitent de la configuration des côtes pour se rendre invisibles face à un balayage radar classique, ainsi que les cibles furtives à faible signature radar. Les navires équipés du système Artemis sont à même de détecter plus rapidement ce type de menace, leur donnant ainsi plus de temps pour mettre en œuvre des contremesures et se protéger efficacement.
Le système peut également poursuivre des menaces terrestres (chars, véhicules blindés, camions, etc.) grâce à leur signature infrarouge. Cette capacité de surveillance côtière, tout à fait unique, permet de hausser considérablement le niveau de sécurité de la flotte.
Système entièrement passif, Artemis peut également être utilisé en conditions de silence EMCON (contrôle des émissions) qui impose aux radars d’être totalement ou partiellement désactivés afin d’éviter tout risque de détection et de localisation par des forces ennemies. Son absence de signature électronique lui permet de voir sans être vu, les éléments suspects ne sachant donc pas qu’ils sont observés. Artemis est également particulièrement utile lorsque les radars subissent des conditions de brouillage dans les zones de conflit intense.
Vidéo tous azimuts
Outre les fonctions de poursuite traditionnelles, Artemis permet une vision panoramique électroniquement stabilisée, qui permet aux opérateurs d’observer tout mouvement autour du navire, de jour comme de nuit. Un zoom vidéo infrarouge intégré permet de procéder à un examen rapproché et évaluer précisément les multiples menaces potentielles – tel qu’un élément suspect manœuvrant au milieu d’un groupe de bateaux de pêche –, ou pour surveiller des activités et des installations côtières. La fonction vidéo infrarouge peut également être mise à profit dans une large gamme de situations autres que des scénarios de défense, qu’il s’agisse d’aide à la navigation, d’opérations de recherche et de sauvetage, de sécurité des opérations d’appontage/décollage des hélicoptères, et de diverses missions de maintien de police et de contrôle.
Ven 13 Nov - 14:39
