Armée Espagnole/Fuerzas Armadas Españolas

Rappel du premier message :

Ya era hora hermano, viva España y su industria naval.

Citation :

Spain's long-term helicopter plan sees reduction in types

David Ing, Madrid - IHS Jane's Defence Weekly



Spain plans to swap its CH-47D Chinooks for the latest variant CH-47F under its long-term helicopter plan. Source: ISAF


A new helicopter master plan drawn up by the Spanish Ministry of Defence (MdD) envisages the number of different models used by the services being reduced from the current 14 to four by 2040.

Three will be from Airbus Helicopters - the NH90, the H135 (formerly EC135), and the Tiger - while the fourth will be the Boeing Chinook, which will need to be upgraded. While the MdD has declined to comment on the report's contents, military sources have told IHS Jane's that the programme's main aim is clearly to rationalise and reduce costs.

One of the key elements will be the navy version of the NH90, for which the Armada is seeking two variants - one a maritime transport which is not yet available, plus another for anti-submarine operations.

The Hughes 500 is due to be stood down by the Armada from 2018, to be replaced by the H135, while the Sikorsky SH-3 Sea Kings will be modernised to keep them active until the arrival of the hoped-for transport replacement.

The current modernisation programme for the Agusta-Bell AB212 will enable these to keep flying until at least 2030 from the corvette-style Buque de Acción Marítima (BAMs), while the army version of the aircraft is due to be retired by 2017.

As for the army's attack helicopters, the plan says the programme to begin phasing out the MBB Bo-105 will start soon. Now the decision has been taken that the six HAP versions of its replacement, the Tiger, will not be upgraded to the HAD-E Spanish version, from around 2027 onwards the army's airmobile forces (FAMET) will operate just 18 of the latter.

In the case of the Chinook, the MdD's aim is to upgrade from the CH-47D to CH-47F versions, with a programme office being set up to handle the proposed purchase from the United States.

The training helicopters, the Airbus H120 and the Sikorsky S-76C, are due to be taken out of service from around 2027, with the replacement almost certain to be the H135. The recent reductions in the NH90 programme will also mean modernisation programmes will be needed for the army's Airbus Super Puma and Cougar.


http://www.janes.com/article/50109/spain-s-long-term-helicopter-plan-sees-reduction-in-types

Citation :

Mort d'un Casque bleu espagnol au Liban-sud : Israël reconnaît sa responsabilité



Plusieurs tirs israéliens ont visé la Finul le 28 janvier, le jour où le Hezbollah a mené une attaque contre l'armée
israélienne dans les fermes de Chebaa, une zone occupée à la frontière du Liban. Photo Ronit Daher

frontières
L'armée israélienne indique qu'"il n'y a jamais eu intention de nuire aux forces des Nations unies".

OLJ/AFP

07/04/2015


Des sources de sécurité israéliennes ont reconnu mardi que le militaire espagnol de la Force intérimaire des Nations unies au Liban (Finul) tué le 28 janvier au Liban-sud avait succombé à des tirs israéliens. Le Hezbollah avait mené ce jour-là une attaque contre l'armée israélienne dans une zone occupée à la frontière du Liban, les fermes de Chebaa, tuant deux soldats israéliens. L'attaque avait provoqué des bombardements israéliens de représailles sur plusieurs localités du sud du Liban.

"Le soldat espagnol a en effet été tué par des tirs de l'armée israélienne, après une attaque du Hezbollah contre l'armée israélienne qui a tué deux soldats", a indiqué une source sous le couvert de l'anonymat.
Interrogée par l'AFP, l'armée a répondu dans un communiqué que le bombardement du bâtiment de la Finul était "un incident regrettable". "Il n'y a jamais eu intention de nuire aux forces des Nations unies" et l'armée israélienne "fait en sorte que de tels incidents ne se reproduisent pas", poursuit le communiqué.

Une enquête a été menée et ses résultats ont été transmis à l'armée espagnole, de même source.
Israël et l'Espagne avait convenu de mener une enquête commune après la mort du caporal Javier Soria Toledo âgé de 36 ans.

Dimanche, le journal espagnol El Pais a publié des extraits du rapport confidentiel de l'Etat-major espagnol fondé sur les témoignages de militaires du contingent espagnol affirmant avoir été délibérément visés par l'Etat hébreu.

Déployée pour surveiller la frontière libano-israélienne, la Finul compte 10.274 membres venus 36 pays, dont près de 600 espagnols, déployés le long de la Ligne bleue, qui fixe la frontière entre les deux pays selon le tracé dessiné par l'Onu après le retrait israélien mettant fin en 2000 à 22 ans d'occupation du sud du Liban.


http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/919522/mort-dun-casque-bleu-espagnol-au-liban-sud-israel-reconnait-sa-responsabilite.html

Citation :

S-80 : Le sous-marin ensorcelé


Par Rédacteur en chef.
Publié le 17 avril 2015, dernière mise à jour le 17 avril 2015.


La construction des nouveaux sous-marins S-80 pour la marine espagnole est quelque chose que le chantier naval Navantia de Carthagène prend très au sérieux. Ce qui est en jeu, c’est rien de moins que la continuité de la force sous-marine espagnole, puisqu’elle risque de se retrouver — au moins pendant quelques années — sans sous-marin ou avec un sous-marin opérationnel. A cela s’ajoute le prestige de l’industrie navale espagnole qui s’est lancée, pour la première fois en solitaire, dans la construction d’un sous-marin, et enfin l’emploi des milliers de personnes qui travaillent pour Navantia ou ses sous-traitants.

Premier bloc du S-80
Depuis le début, le projet semble ne pas avoir de chances. La préoccupation actuelle est qu’il ne rencontre aucun nouvel obstacle, qui entraîne de nouveaux retards, une préoccupation encore plus évidente au sein de la marine espagnole. Il y a 2 ans, des erreurs de conception ont été découvertes dans les plans du sous-marin, qui était trop lourd. Cela a nécessité d’ajouter une section de coque de 8 m de long, la longueur totale du sous-marin atteint désormais les 80 m.

Après ces antécédents, le projet se retrouve encore une fois dans une situation grotesque, mais qui ne doit cette fois-ci rien à Navantia : 70 batteries destinées au nouveau sous-marin, d’une valeur de 469.000 € ont été volées ! Elles ont été récupérées par la Guardia Civil au cours d’une opération qui a conduit à l’arrestation de 5 personnes dont le responsable d’entreprises de recyclage de Zaragoza.

Les batteries ont été volées dans un entrepôt d’El Burgo de Ebro (Zaragoza). Le vol des batteries, pesant chacune 600 kg, a été découvert lorsque la police locale a intercepté le 25 mars dernier un camion transportant les batteries, et dont le chauffeur ne pouvait expliquer la provenance.

Le reste des batteries volées, dont peu d’entreprises pouvaient effectuer le recyclage, ont été localisées dans 3 entreprises de Bilbao, Soria et Zaragoza. Ces 3 entreprises les avaient achetées 14.000 € aux voleurs, sans se poser de questions sur la provenance de ces batteries aux caractéristiques pourtant très particulières.

Référence :
La Opinión de Murcia (Espagne)

http://www.corlobe.tk/spip.php?article37646

Chez DCNS ils doivent bien se marrer ...

crash d'un A400m espagnol a seville

A400M crashé en tests
RIP

Citation :

Up to 10 feared dead as military plane crashes in Spain

A military plane crashed at Seville airport on Saturday, Spain's defence ministry said.

As many as 10 people - all crew - were on board, according to reports in plane.

It is understood that the plane - a brand new Airbus A400M - was undergoing flight trials at the airport.

The Spanish prime minister  Mariano Rajoy has said in the past minutes that the crash killed the crew, and has forced the closure of Seville airport.

The plane had not yet been delivered to the Spanish military and was under trial, El Pais said.

Reuters

kabylius a écrit:

crash d'un A400m espagnol a seville

RIP

Citation :

Un Airbus A400M s'écrase en Espagne


Publié le 09/05/2015 à 17h28, par Yann Cochennec



Il est encore trop tôt pour connaître les circonstances de l'accident de l'Airbus A400M. Airbus - S. Ramadier

Pour des raisons encore inconnues, un Airbus A400M s'est écrasé dans le sud de l'Espagne, faisant plusieurs victimes. Selon des informations non confirmées, le pilote de l'Airbus A400M aurait fait état d'une défaillance technique, lors de la phase de décollage.

Une dizaine de personnes se trouvaient à son bord, selon le Premier ministre espagnol, Mariano Rajoy, qui se trouve actuellement à Ténérife, dans les Iles Canaries. "Il y a au moins trois morts et deux blessés graves", a indiqué un responsable des secours à l'AFP. Le site de l'accident est situé en dehors du périmètre de l'aéroport de Séville.

L'accident s'est déroulé lors d'un vol d'essais. L'Airbus A400M accidenté devait être livré à la Turquie après que les équipes de ce client aient entièrement validé l'appareil au terme d'essais en vol conduisant au "bon de livraison". C'est le premier accident jamais enregistré par l'A400M, cet avion de transport tactique conçu et développé par Airbus.

http://www.air-cosmos.com/2015/05/09/34405-un-airbus-a400m-s-ecrase-en-espagne  

RIP

RIP .

Mauvaise pub de depart pour l'A400M si c'est defaillance technique en plein test

Citation :

Ajoutée le 29 mai 2015

2015 Chinchilla exercises. Light Infantry Regiment "Palma" 47

Nouvelle mule "FALCADA" pour la brigade des parachutistes espagnol.



Caractéristique :

Vitesse devrait être, au moins 50 km/h, une autonomie de 500 km et transporter une charge de 650 kg. Au maximum six personnes, deux dans le module de la mule et quatre sur la plate-forme de chargement. Doit être en mesure de fonctionner dans des conditions tout terrain et des conditions extrêmes telles que la boue, de sable ou de neige et avoir un affut qui permet l'installation des différentes armes comme une mitrailleuse lourde, un lance-grenades automatique de 40 mm, des missiles antichar Spike ou un lanceur de missiles antiaérien Mistral. (Source : http://defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15918:las-mulas-mecanicas-falcata-de-einsa-dotaran-a-la-bripac&catid=54:espana&Itemid=162)

Citation :

SPANISH NAVY MARINES GET FIRST UNITS OF THE URO VAMTAC ST5

Spanish Navy Marines get first units of the Uro Vamtac ST5.



The first two units of the new VAMTAC ST5 are already at the base of the Third of the Navy in San Fernando (Cádiz). With his arrival begin deliveries of the 99 units has acquired the Navy for the Marine Corps.

This is the new model of armored manufactured by the Galician company UROVESA for the Armed Forces, under the contract signed in 2013 to supply 772 units of this vehicle.



Of these, 519 are intended for Army, 78 of them for emergency transport and equipment EMU and 76 for the Air Force. The Navy, meanwhile, has bought 99 units for the Marine Corps.

The vehicle is specifically designed to operate in any environment, including desert -can be the air intake on the door delantera-, wears camouflage colors of the Marine Corps and a shield reinforced over previous versions.

http://defence-blog.com/?p=6889

Citation :

Thursday, 6 August 2015

Spain announces the purchase of four General Atomics' MQ-9 Reaper UAVs
Spain has decided to buy four MQ-9 Reaper surveillance drones, the defence ministry said Thursday August 6, making it the fifth European nation to equip itself with the US-made devices. The Spanish defence ministry's budget for 2016, which was presented in parliament on Tuesday, sets aside 25 million euros ($27 million) to buy four reconnaissance drones and two ground stations.


http://worlddefencenews.blogspot.com/2015/08/spain-announces-purchase-of-four.html

Citation :

Spain Army will double in 2016 budget for the purchase of vehicles and ammunition
 

09 Aug 2015 Dylan Vosman Dylan Vosman  



The Spain Army will in 2016 with a budget of 8.3 million euros for the purchase of land transport vehicles and ammunition and explosives. This amount is almost double the executed this year, a total of 4.4 million euros.

In the Bill of General State Budget (PGE) 2016, presented Tuesday in Congress, is set for the purchase of vehicles by the Army, a game of 3.33643 million euros, a figure much higher than that executed this year (1.81 million), although it should be noted that the investment initially planned for 2015 was 18 million.

Defense is currently running two framework agreements vehicle: VAMTAC corresponding to 1.5 tons, UROVESA awarded to the company in April 2013 with a deadline of five years, and that of medium and heavy trucks all terrain , who won the Iveco company last April and will run over a period of six years.

http://defence-blog.com/?p=7240

Citation :

R&D Contract Boosts Spain's New F-110 Frigates
By Esteban Villarejo 9:46 a.m. EDT August 17, 2015

MADRID — The Spanish government has given the green light to its new generation of frigates after authorizing a first R&D contract of €135.3 million (US $150.3 million) to develop the F-110 series from 2015 until 2020.

"The purpose of this R&D contract is the implementation of three programs: develop the integration of sensors on the mast, the incorporation of new capabilities in the Scomba combat system and actuation and control of missile systems to be installed in future frigates F -110," official sources reported.

It is expected F-110 frigates will replace the six Santa María-class frigates (F-80) of the Spanish Navy from 2022 until 2030. Military sources reported the plan is to build five new frigates. This will be the major Spanish Navy military program in the next decade together with the construction of the S-80 class submarine.

"The main novelty of F-110 will consist on the integrated mast, where the communications system, radar, electronic warfare and optronics will be located. All in one, avoiding rotating elements," explained the same military source.

Missions at Sea

This new F-110 frigates will operate in high-threat scenarios forming battle groups at sea or may act alone in areas near the coast.

Anti-aircraft, asymmetric warfare, maritime safety, naval power projection, military-civilian cooperation, deployment flexibility, hybrid propulsion and space for unmanned vehicles are features and missions that will be carried out by the Spanish Navy with these new frigates.

It will have a 24-cell Mk 41 vertical launch system for Standard or Sea Sparrow missiles and a 5-inch/62 caliber Mark 45 gun.

This new generation of Spanish frigates will be equipped with the Scomba combat system, developed by Navantia after the technology transfer agreements with Lockheed Martin during the former Álvaro de Bazán-class frigates (F-100) program.

The Spanish Navy also has five F-100 frigates equipped with the Lockheed Martin-developed Aegis combat system.

Built by Navantia

The F-110 frigates will be built by state-owned Navantia. Other Spanish companies like the defense systems producer Indra will also be involved in the project. This contract is seen as vital for the future Spanish shipbuilder, according to defense industry sources.

After some military exports with the Australia, Norway and Venezuela navies in the past decade, Navantia is now building two BAM ("Buque de Acción Marítima") offshore patrol vessels and the first S-80-class submarine for Spanish Navy.

Navantia is also on a contract short list for the Australian Ministry of Defense to build two auxiliary oil and replenishment ships.

The Spanish government boosts this new military program five months before the general elections and after eight years of economic crisis. The F-110 program has the support of the two major political parties (PP and PSOE).

The F-110 program is also considered as the core for Spanish military exports in the future. "This type of frigate could be appropriate to replace about 65 frigates or corvettes in internacional military markets in the decade of 2025-2035," said an official Spanish government source. "And of course, potential clients of Navantia will want a proven product by the Spanish Navy."

Email: evillarejo@defensenews.com
http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/naval/ships/2015/08/17/spain-boost-its-new-f-110-generation-frigates/31840781/

Citation :

En 2016, l’Espagne aura besoin d’un milliard d’euros pour financer l’équipement de ses arméesPosté dans Europe, Politique de défense par Laurent Lagneau Le 21-08-2015


Ces dernières semaines, Madrid a donné son feu vert au financement de plusieurs programmes d’armement essentiels (Programas Especiales de ARMAMENTO, PEAS) destinés à assurer le maintien des capacités opérationnelles des forces armées espagnoles.

Dans le détail, les crédits qui seront investis pour l’année 2016 concerneront les frégates F-110, destinées à remplacer les 8 navires de type Santa Maria (F-80, voir photo), entrés en service au sein de l’Armada entre 1986 et 1994.

Sont également concernés les blindés de combat d’infanterie 8×8, les sous-marins S-80, des navires « d’action maritime » ainsi que les programmes Eurofighter et A400M. Sans oublier l’acquisition prévue de 4 drones MALE (25 millions sur 171 millions). Bref, le montant des investissements prévus s’élève à 1 milliard d’euros.

Pour le secrétaire espagnol à la Défense, Pedro Argüelles, ces investissements sont nécessaires pour « s’assurer que les forces armées continueront de recevoir les systèmes commandés ». En outre, a-t-il ajouté, ils permettent « le développement de l’industrie » de l’armement et auront un « impact majeur sur l’innovation, qui est le moteur de l’économie » ainsi que sur « l’image et les crédibilité de l’Espagne à l’étranger ».

Le problème est que le gouvernement espagnol n’a actuellement pas les moyens de financer ces programmes et qu’un recours à des « crédits extraordinaires » est inévitable… Ce que conteste l’opposition, prête à saisir la Cour constitutionnelle comme elle l’a déjà fait quand cette procédure a été utilisée pour débloquer 856 millions d’euros au bénéfice des programmes Eurofighter, A400M, Tigre, NH-90, EC-135 et Pizarro (blindés).

Seulement, le gouvernement actuel n’aura peut être plus à s’en préoccuper puisque des élections législatives auront lieu en Espagne dans moins de 6 mois. Des sondages effectués fin juillet donnent le Parti populaire, au pouvoir, en tête, devant le Parti socialiste. L’inconnu reste le résultat que fera Podemos, la formation d’extrême-gauche, créditée de plus de 18% des intentions de vote.





http://www.opex360.com/2015/08/21/en-2016-lespagne-aura-besoin-dun-milliard-deuros-pour-financer-lequipement-de-ses-armees/

Citation :

GD Favored To Win Spanish Armored Vehicle Contract
By Esteban Villarejo 12:21 p.m. EDT August 22, 2015


MADRID — The new armored infantry fighting vehicle of the Spanish Army is on the way. The government has approved a first research and development (R&D) contract of €89.2 million (US $99 million) to develop an eight-wheel-drive prototype with Santa Bárbara Sistemas, a Spanish branch company of General Dynamics European Land Systems, and the apparent favorite to gain the final contract. The Ministry of Defense plans to sign a later agreement to construct 400 units in Spain.

This is one of three new military programs boosted by the Spanish government, together with the new F-110 frigate project for the Navy and the acquisition of four US Reaper surveillance drones for the Air Force.

The R&D contract announced by the Council of Ministers stresses the need to replace the existing American-built M-113 personnel carrier and the Spanish-built six-wheel-drive BMR vehicle.

As revealed in combat in Afghanistan, this 6x6 vehicle is more vulnerable in asymmetric scenarios than the future 8x8 will be.

“The purpose of this R&D contract is conducting six programs of technological studies to develop future vehicle prototypes,” a Ministry of Defense source reported. The final decision about who will build the vehicle will be adopted “at the end of August or September.”

The government launched this program five months before the general elections and after eight years of economic crisis.

6 Candidates, 1 Favorite

Six defense companies have offered their vehicles for the program: US-based General Dynamics with the Piranha Class 5 design; the French GTD-Nexter with the VBCI; Italy's Iveco-Oto Melara with the Centauro Freccia; Finland's Patria with the Patria AMV; German companies Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Rheinmetall with the Boxer; and the Swedish SEP developed by BAE Systems.

However, the prototype bid of General Dynamics is the clear favorite. Spanish Defense Minister Pedro Morenés said it clearly in the national Parliament: “All the 8x8 armored vehicles must be constructed in Spanish factories.” Only two of the five companies fulfill this requirement — General Dynamics with Santa Bárbara Sistemas factories, and Iveco-Oto Melara.

According to industrial sources aware of the program, the Spanish government will adopt “a solomonic decision”: General Dynamics will build the platform of the vehicle as main constructor, and Oto Melara will be chosen for the mobile gun system production. Other Spanish companies such as defense systems producer Indra will also be involved in the prototype project to be finished, in this first stage, between 2015 and 2017.

Officials from General Dynamics and Oto Melara said they were unable to comment.

What kind of 8x8 armored fighting vehicle is the Spanish Army looking for?

“The future 8x8 vehicle must provide the firepower, mobility, protection and projection needed for all types of scenarios, either high, medium or low intensity,” a Spanish Army source said.

From 2018, the new vehicle will share the land protection force of the "new" Spanish Army with the main battle tank Leopardo 2E, the armored vehicle Pizarro and the mine-resistant RG-31 vehicle, following budget cuts of 30 percent in the last eight years.

“The Army will move its priority in the next decade toward a multipurpose role with a high-speed capability of projection," the same military source said. "This is the other reason we need an 8x8 vehicle.”

Piranha V, Same Family as Stryker

General Dynamics is already working on the prototype required by the Spanish Army that will be based on the Piranha V. The vehicle is designed by Mowag, the Swiss branch of the US defense company, which has built Piranhas for more than 20 armies. The US Army's Stryker vehicle is also inspired by the Piranha family.

Piranha V has an estimated cost of €3.8 million to €5.5 million each, according to the request for information process of the bid.

One novel feature of the Piranha V will be a fuel-efficient drive train system and a high-performance diesel engine. The gross vehicle weight is 30 tons (17 tons empty),

The vehicle is designed for the highest level of protection against mines and improvised bombs, an essential requirement for the Army after its 13 years of experience in Afghanistan.


This vehicle contract is also vital for the Spanish factories of General Dynamics European Land Systems, whose headquarters in Europe is located in Madrid. The European business unit also has presence in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republic.

General Dynamics CEO Phebe Novakovic visited Madrid last November. During her stay in Spain she met with King Juan Carlos and Ministry of Defense officials.

Email: evillarejo@defensenews.com
http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/land/vehicles/2015/08/22/gd-favored-win-spanish-armored-vehicle-contract/31998425/

Pas rancunier a DCNS.........business.....
http://www.corlobe.tk/spip.php?article39295

Citation :

US Army Awards Contract for RQ-11B Raven UAVs for Spanish Army

AeroVironment, Inc. today announced it has received a contract from the United States Army totaling $3.4 million for RQ-11B Raven unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to supply the Spanish Ministry of Defense via the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program.

Raven is the most widely used UAS in the world today. It is designed for rapid deployment and high mobility for military applications requiring low-altitude intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. With a wingspan of 4.5 feet and weighing 4.2 pounds, the hand-launched Raven provides aerial observation, day or night, at line-of-sight ranges up to approximately 6.2 miles (10 kilometers).

“As the global leader in the design and manufacture of small unmanned aircraft systems, AeroVironment continues to set the standard for delivering increasingly valuable capabilities in some of the most challenging conditions and places in the world,” said Kirk Flittie, AeroVironment vice president and general manager of the company’s Unmanned Aircraft Systems business segment. “All U.S. armed services and more than thirty global allied forces rely on our unmanned aircraft systems to gain rapid intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance for information superiority in today’s hot zones.”

“Our small UAS deliver powerful insight, on-demand for valuable, real-time situational awareness – whenever and wherever needed – that helps military personnel operate more safely and effectively,” Flittie said.

To date, AeroVironment has delivered more than 25,000 new and replacement small unmanned aerial vehicles to customers worldwide.

RQ-11B Raven, RQ-12 Wasp AE, RQ-20A Puma AE and Shrike VTOL comprise AeroVironment’s Family of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Operating with a common ground control system (GCS), this Family of Systems provides increased capability to the warfighter that can give ground commanders the option of selecting the appropriate aircraft based on the type of mission to be performed. AeroVironment has delivered thousands of new and replacement small unmanned air vehicles to customers within the United States and to more than 30 international governments.

The Puma AE small UAS comprises one component of AeroVironment’s advanced, turnkey data collection, processing and delivery solution employed to provide commercial customers with engineering-quality information, on-demand, across multiple industries such as oil & gas, agriculture, mining and others.

The Qube small UAS is tailored to law enforcement, first response and other public safety missions. Small enough to fit easily in the trunk of a car, the Qube system can be unpacked, assembled and ready for flight in less than five minutes, giving the operator a rapidly deployable eye in the sky at a fraction of the cost of manned aircraft and large unmanned aircraft.

AeroVironment is a technology solutions provider that designs, develops, produces, supports and operates an advanced portfolio of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and electric transportation solutions. The company’s electric-powered, hand-launched unmanned aircraft systems generate and process data to deliver powerful insight, on-demand, to people engaged in military, public safety and commercial activities around the world.

http://www.defencetalk.com/us-army-contract-rq-11b-raven-uavs-spanish-army-65099/

Une très bonne série espagnole sur M6 (Otages du Désert) évoquant les opérations spéciales des forces espagnoles au Mali.
On peux voir une multitude d’Equipments espagnols ( VAMTAC ……)

jib lia dri tourné au maroc