Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Rappel du premier message :

Citation :

Les chantiers navals russes livreront 17 navires en 2011



En 2011, le consortium russe de construction navale OSK livrera à la Marine du pays et aux clients étrangers 17 bâtiments de guerre, dont deux sous-marins nucléaires lanceurs d'engins (SNLE), a annoncé mercredi aux journalistes le PDG du consortium, Roman Trotsenko.

"Cette année, nous projetons de livrer 17 bâtiments de guerre aux forces navales russes et aux clients étrangers, y compris des SNLE et des bâtiments de surface", a-t-il déclaré lors du Salon international de la défense maritime (IMDS-2011) qui se déroule du 29 juin au 2 juillet à Saint-Pétersbourg.

M. Trotsenko a précisé que la Marine russe recevrait deux sous-marins nucléaires, mais a refusé de citer leurs noms.

Une source bien informée au sein du complexe militaro-industriel a confié à RIA Novosti qu'il s'agissait du sous-marin stratégique Iouri Dolgorouki (utilisé mardi pour un test du missile balistique intercontinental Boulava) et du sous-marin nucléaire à fonctions multiples Severodvinsk.

Selon M. Trotsenko, l'OSK construit actuellement 54 navires, dont 40 pour les forces navales russes et 14 pour des pays étrangers.

RIA Novosti

De vieux Projets réanimés :

Citation :

ASAT test set to begin at the end of the year

Reanimated Soviet "Krona" would shoot down satellites or ground-based air missiles


Defense agreed timetable and plans new set of tests antisatellite defense "Crown". They are scheduled for the end of 2013. According to "News" from the General Staff, the main emphasis will be placed on the interaction of different components, especially with the shock of ground radar-optic complex (ROC) search and identification of satellites.

- Radars are old Soviet index 45ZH6 since made back in the 1980s. But they seriously upgraded in 2009-2010, conducted state tests. Towards the very ROCK claims we do not have - said "News" the officer informed the General Staff.

As follows from the full name, "Crown" designed to fight with the satellites. It consists of ground and air components. Ground ROCK 45ZH6 consists of radar (SAR) and the laser source, which specifies the range and purpose of the motion vectors.

The project started in 1984, and after a few years the Soviet defense industry has built three rock. One set at the Sary-Shagan in Kazakhstan, the second - in Moscow, the third - in the village watchtower Stavropol Territory.

In addition to the terrestrial component of the Soviet defense industry had three tall upgrade MiG-31, which was given the task to deliver anti-satellite missile in the upper atmosphere. Aircraft were designated "D" and armed with missiles 79M6 "contact" with a kinetic warhead. The bar that was supposed to hit enemy satellites.

All three MiG-31d in the early 1990s, went on the Sary-Shagan. Official information about the test launch "Contact" on the space objects is not so far, the source said, "Izvestia" and suggested that "there is something to be proud." The Soviet Union collapsed, the money for the defense industry have disappeared, and the "Crown" was abandoned.

Land and air components used separately, and in the "non-core" purposes. Development of a "contact" Russia stopped. MiG-31d remained in Kazakhstan, and the new sovereign state tried to accommodate them by launching small rockets.

- Project in Kazakhstan failed, and the aircraft is now dead - sorry source "news."

The revival of the project began only 18 years after the death of the Soviet Union. In August 2009, the then commander of the Air Force Colonel General Alexander Zelin announced

- At the time of the USSR for the problems created space defense variant of the MiG-31. This system is resuscitated to accomplish the same tasks.

According to "Izvestia", a deep modernization ROCK "Crown" was completed in 2010. It set up a so-called high-precision radar channel "N", created to recognize and identify the target orbit.

If some of the terrestrial component of information leak, the air classified carefully. For example, it is only known that the development of a new rocket to replace the "contact" is Design Bureau "Torch" in Khimki. This KB specializes in missile and space technology, but they refused to talk to "Izvestia" on the item for "crown". There is also no data integrity modernization of a new party to replace the MiG-31 lost in Kazakhstan. Sources in the CMO say only that bring the aircraft to the modification of "D" will not make any problems.

- The aircraft are taken onboard radar, all the suspension components and fixtures radioprozrachny cap is replaced by a metal. At the ends of wings for flight stability in the vertical climb is a specific aerodynamic nodules, called flippers. They also serve to stabilize the flight of "wink" with the suspended missiles, as it is massive, and overall, while the area of ​​the wing does not allow her stable flight. Then put sighting system and communication system - told "Izvestiya" OPK representative familiar with the situation.

The Defense Ministry explained that the tests will check for issuance of targeting from the ground attack aircraft, and the work of lines of communication and interaction between the ground and air components of the "Crown". Instead of MiG-31d will work normal Air Force MiG-31.

Military expert, editor MilitaryRussia Dmitry Kornev believes that ground equipment, algorithms and logic combat operation can be used by those that were in the 1980-1990's.

- A rocket, likely to create a new one, and I think by the same CB - a "pennant", "Innovator" or "Torch". Perhaps a radical change in the whole system - for example, a shift towards land-based missiles - said he was "news."

If the "Crown" will indeed be equipped with ground-based missiles, it becomes clear why so secretive anti-air component of the complex. In this case it is not and will not.

Mig-31D ASAT :




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Citation :

The last frontier defense equip arrows and balls

The Ministry of Defence renews testing active protection, rolled into the late 1990s



Defense continued resuscitation Projects closed in the late 1990's - early 2000's due to lack of funding. Now came the turn of active protection systems (APS) of the missiles. A senior source in the Defense Ministry told "Izvestia" that the principal decision to resume testing of the complex in 2013.

- The peculiarity is that it seemed that the defeat of air targets are metal arrows and balls with a diameter of 30 mm at an altitude of 6 km. Arrows and balls fired from a speed of 1.8 km / s, which is comparable to the most long-range projectile gun, and create a cloud of iron present. In a volley of up to 40 thousand items. KAZ can be considered anti-artillery - the officer said.

The complex will be the last line of missile defense. He must destroy objects that have managed to break through the veil of the existing missiles "Gazelle" and future S-500 "Prometheus". The structure seemed to include radar systems and guidance systems, and special gun mount.

According to "Izvestia", KAZ is designed to cover the point objects, such as missile silos and command posts, communications centers, and this is different from the missiles that cover the sky by sector. The military hopes that the complex will be able to destroy not only ballistic missiles, but also all kinds of modern precision weapons, including cruise missiles and GPS-corrected bombs.

- High-precision bombs and missiles are difficult to detect because they are maneuvering or hidden in the folds of the terrain. Intercontinental missile flies faster, but it is easier to calculate, - said the source.

Familiar with the situation, representatives of the military-industrial complex told "Izvestia", the first systems have been tested in the early 1990s, could not kill both types of air targets with equal efficiency. But to date computers and radars is quite achievable.

- The first product called "Mozyr". Kura range on the Kamchatka they immediately struck not dummies, and on the real warhead missiles, "Satan" and the target was hit. The project turned just because of financial problems, not for technical reasons, - he explained.

According to him, in case of successful tests of the new-old complex first position areas can be deployed in the next 2-3 years - technology allows. A design office and production plant "iron cloud" is still classified as "Top Secret". It is only known that in the project used the experience of protection against anti-armor missiles. For example, the protection of the tank complex "Arena" destroys the rocket salvos balls flew a distance of 25 m

Why form submunitions seemed different? Interlocutor in the CMO explained that at high altitudes better arrows on the smaller - balls.

- Arrows fly higher and have more dense ball volley. Because of the huge counter speed is likely just a riddle purpose and need to destroy or cause detonation. So what types of items combined increased lethality, - he said.

One of the creators said it seemed "News" on condition of anonymity, that the most difficult part of the complex - a mathematical calculation algorithm convergence submunitions with an object, given the convergence rate of 3-4 Mach. Independent military expert, editor Millitary Russia Dmitry Kornev told "Izvestia", confirmed that the project can be considered unique in the world.

- Neither the U.S. nor Israel nor anyone else has not been able to create a workable model of active defense missile complex. Research work was carried out in many countries, but further sketches and full-scale mock-ups do not matter - he said.

In his view, the Soviet "Mozyr" was a successful project and the creation of the last echelon defense in the form of active protection is fully justified.

http://izvestia.ru/ (trad auto)

Citation :

MOSCOW, February 1 (RIA Novosti) – The Commander of the Russian Navy, Admiral Viktor Chirkov, will attend an official keel laying ceremony on Friday for the first Mistral-class amphibious assault ship being built at a French shipyard for Russia.

Construction of the warship, named Vladivostok, began last year at the STX shipyard in St. Nazaire, after Russia made an advance payment as part of the 1.2-billion euro deal for two French-built Mistral vessels, which was signed in June 2011.

The ceremony on Friday involves the placement of the first bow section into a dry dock. The Russian Embassy in France has confirmed the event is taking place but said it would be off-limits to the press.

Speaking ahead of the ceremony, a high-ranking source in Russia’s United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) told RIA Novosti that Russia had built 30 small sections for the stern of the ship. They will be sent to France in the near future.

The Vladivostok is due for delivery in 2014, while the second Mistral for Russia, the Sevastopol, is expected to enter service with the Russian Navy in 2015.

Meanwhile, Russia has put back plans to build two additional Mistral class ships under French license to 2016, citing the need to assess the ships’ performance, role and status as part of the Russian Navy.

The Mistral deal came under fire from senior Russian officials last month, following the dismissal of former Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov late last year, who actively lobbied for their purchase.

Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, who has responsibility for the arms industry, said the ships were unsuitable for Russia as they were incapable of operating in cold weather conditions, while the Military-Industrial Commission's Deputy Head Ivan Kharchenko said the Mistral deal was “absurd,” as it had inflicted harm on the Russian shipbuilding industry.

A Mistral-class ship is capable of carrying 16 helicopters, four landing vessels, 70 armored vehicles, and 450 troops.

The French-built ships are expected to be assigned to Russia’s Pacific Fleet.



http://en.rian.ru/military_news/20130201/179167480/Russian-Navy-Chief-Attends-Mistral-Lay-Down-Ceremony-in-France.html

Il-80 :

c´est le JSTARS russe?

Citation :

Avion de reconnaissance et de guerre électronique » Iliouchine Il-80 Maxdome




Premier vol :
le 5 mars 1987

Rôle :
communication électronique

Constructeur :
Iliouchine (U.R.S.S / Russie)

Description

Dans les années 1980, l'intérêt de disposer d'un PC volant, à l'instar du E-4B aux Etats-Unis, se fit jour pour le gouvernement soviétique. L'Il-86, un avion de ligne, fut choisi comme base.

4 Il-86 furent modifiés au standard Il-86VKP (pour Vozdooshniy Komanndniy Poonkt, poste de commandement aérien) , plus tard renommé Il-80 "Aimak" (mot mongol pour clan). Il semble que le tout premier vol eut lieu dans l'été 1985, et le premier vol officiel, avec tous les systèmes, le 5 mars 1987. Les livraisons ont commencées la même année. L'OTAN le surnomma Maxdome.

Il se distingue, extérieurement, par un long radôme au-dessus du fuselage à l'avant, qui doit servir aux communications avec les satellites. Il ne dispose pas d'hublots, afin de se protéger du flash des explosions nucléaires. 2 nacelles de 10 mètres de long, contenant des générateurs électriques auxiliaires, sont également visibles entre les réacteurs intérieurs et le fuselage. Il emporte également une antenne VLF déroulable, afin de communiquer avec les sous-marins. Certaines portes d'accès ont également été enlevées.

Des 4 appareils, qui portent des immatriculations civiles, 3 restent en service : le premier qui entra en service fut photographié sans moteur et semble être désormais retiré du service. Les 3 autres sont déployés au sein de la 8e division, basée à 30 km de Moscou à Chkalovsky.

Ils sont actuellement en cours de modernisation, dont on ne connait que l'aspect extérieure avec 12 antennes supplémentaires sur le dos et 3 perches, dont 2 sous le fuselage. Le premier fut modernisé par VASO, à Voronej, entre 2006 et 2008. Un deuxième est en cours de modernisation.

Pays utilisateurs
Russie — Force aérienne russe : 3 en service, 4 acquis

Versions
Iliouchine Il-80 : Désignation correcte de l'appareil. 4 exemplaires.
Iliouchine Il-86VPK : Désignation d'origine.

http://www.aviationsmilitaires.net/display/aircraft/280

merci,donc Jstars - le radar SAR/GMTI

augusta a écrit:

Citation :

MOSCOW, February 1 (RIA Novosti) – The Commander of the Russian Navy, Admiral Viktor Chirkov, will attend an official keel laying ceremony on Friday for the first Mistral-class amphibious assault ship being built at a French shipyard for Russia.

Construction of the warship, named Vladivostok, began last year at the STX shipyard in St. Nazaire, after Russia made an advance payment as part of the 1.2-billion euro deal for two French-built Mistral vessels, which was signed in June 2011.

The ceremony on Friday involves the placement of the first bow section into a dry dock. The Russian Embassy in France has confirmed the event is taking place but said it would be off-limits to the press.

Speaking ahead of the ceremony, a high-ranking source in Russia’s United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) told RIA Novosti that Russia had built 30 small sections for the stern of the ship. They will be sent to France in the near future.

The Vladivostok is due for delivery in 2014, while the second Mistral for Russia, the Sevastopol, is expected to enter service with the Russian Navy in 2015.

Meanwhile, Russia has put back plans to build two additional Mistral class ships under French license to 2016, citing the need to assess the ships’ performance, role and status as part of the Russian Navy.

The Mistral deal came under fire from senior Russian officials last month, following the dismissal of former Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov late last year, who actively lobbied for their purchase.

Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, who has responsibility for the arms industry, said the ships were unsuitable for Russia as they were incapable of operating in cold weather conditions, while the Military-Industrial Commission's Deputy Head Ivan Kharchenko said the Mistral deal was “absurd,” as it had inflicted harm on the Russian shipbuilding industry.

A Mistral-class ship is capable of carrying 16 helicopters, four landing vessels, 70 armored vehicles, and 450 troops.

The French-built ships are expected to be assigned to Russia’s Pacific Fleet.



http://en.rian.ru/military_news/20130201/179167480/Russian-Navy-Chief-Attends-Mistral-Lay-Down-Ceremony-in-France.html

Citation :

Mise sur cale du premier BPC russe






Vue du futur BPC russe Vladivostokcrédits : DCNS




C’est demain que le futur Vladivostok, premier des deux bâtiments de projection et de commandement (BPC) commandés par la Russie, doit être mis sur cale à Saint-Nazaire. Un évènement qui ne fait l’objet d’aucune communication officielle, Moscou semblant souhaiter que le lancement de la phase d’assemblage de ce programme demeure très discret. Chez DCNS et STX France, en tous cas, on refuse de s’exprimer sur le sujet.

Mais, évidemment, il suffira de se poster au bout de la forme de construction ou de circuler sur le pont de Saint-Nazaire pour observer la pose du premier des nombreux blocs du Vladivostok s’agglutinant depuis des semaines, à la vue de tous, sur l’aire de pré-montage de STX France.





Vue du futur Vladivostok (© : DCNS)



C’est en 2014 que le premier BPC russe doit être livré, son sistership, le Sebastopol, étant prévu pour entrer en flotte l’année suivante. La construction de ces bâtiments doit intégrer l’assemblage de sections fournies par les chantiers OSK de Saint-Pétersbourg. Le contrat comporte en effet un volet de transfert de technologie destiné à moderniser l’outil industriel russe, afin de permettre ultérieurement l’éventuelle réalisation de deux BPC supplémentaires sur les bords de la mer Baltique.

Connus à Saint-Nazaire sous leurs noms de coque, M33 et N33, les futurs Vladivostok et Sébastopol sont directement dérivés des trois BPC français du type Mistral. Longs de 199 mètres et affichant un déplacement de plus de 21.000 tonnes en charge, ces derniers peuvent mettre en œuvre 16 hélicoptères lourds et quatre chalands de débarquement (ou deux catamarans rapides de type EDAR). Leurs capacités d’emport sont de 450 soldats et 70 véhicules. Ces bâtiments disposent, en outre, d’importantes infrastructures hospitalières et de commandement.

Paket-E/NK antitorpedo/ light torpedo system

Citation :

Russia's New Stealth Corvette to Start Trials in March



Russian stealth corvette the Boyky
MOSCOW, February 4 (RIA Novosti) - The crew of new Russian stealth corvette the Boyky, the third Project 20380 (Steregushchy class) vessel, will begin state trials in March, Baltic Fleet spokesman Capt. 2nd Class Vladimir Matveyev said Monday.
Matveyev said in November 2012 that the Boyky, built by St. Petersburg’s Severnaya Verf shipyard for the Russian Navy, has successfully completed main systems tests in its initial sea trials.
He added that the Boyky has moved to the port of Baltiysk in the Kaliningrad Region for second-stage sea trials.
The 20380 class ships, designed by the Almaz naval design bureau, are optimized for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare and to provide support for land operations. The class incorporates stealth technology, which has considerably reduced its radar and infrared signatures.
The 20380 class can be equipped with Kh-35 anti-ship missiles and 3M54 Klub cruise missiles, Kashtan anti-aircraft gun/missile systems, a main 100-mm gun, two 30-mm close-range air defense guns, and torpedo tubes, according to naval-technology.com.
The Steregushchy class corvette also has a hangar and deck for operation of a Kamov Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare helicopter and is fitted with a Vinyetka-EM towed sonar array.

Citation :

Les Mistral russes laissés sans lubrifiants

La Russie ne dispose pas de lubrifiants convenables pour les porte-hélicoptères amphibies d'assaut Mistral achetés en France, a communiqué une source dans le complexe militaro-industriel.

Au total ces navires ont besoin de quelque 50 types de lubrifiants qui ne sont pas produits en Russie. L'utilisation de fluides russes peut endommagé les moteurs et d'autres systèmes. La livraison de fluides lubrifiants n'est pas prévue par le contrat de fourniture de deux Mistral d'un montant de 1,2 milliard d'euros.


http://french.ruvr.ru/2013_02_05/Les-Mistral-russes-laisses-sans-lubrifiants/

nouvel Take-off

Citation :

http://en.take-off.ru/pdf_to/to25.pdf

remarquables :

An-148-100EA

Tor-M2KM

NIIP AESA radara

Irbis PESA

Mig-31 AAM tests

Citation :

La Flotte De La Mer Noire Se Fortifie

Début 2014, une quatrième batterie côtière de type "Bastion" doit être déployée dans la région d'Anapa. Elle renforcera considérablement les capacités anti-navires de la flotte de la mer Noire.

Trois batteries côtières de type "Bastion" sont déjà déployées par la Russie sur les côtes de la mer Noire (voir schéma ci-dessous). Pour rappel, le système côtier anti-navires "Bastion" met en oeuvre des missiles supersoniques P-800 Onix (SS-N-26 Yakhont ; vitesse de Mach 2,3 ; portée de 300 km en tir balistique, et 120 km en tir direct à Mach 1,5-1,7, voir photo ci-dessous). La quatrième batterie recevra des nouveaux blocs dans le système de guidage qui devraient lui permettre de traiter des cibles terrestres. Les modifications ont débuté cet hiver avec pour objectif que la batterie soit prête fin 2013 pour une entrée en dotation début 2014 dans l'arsenal de la flotte de la mer Noire. La batterie sera affectée à la 11e brigade autonome des missiles et de l'artillerie côtière elle-même rattachée à la 25e division autonome des missiles dont les installations de stockage sont situées dans le village d'Utach, près d'Anapa (kraï de Krasnodar).

Le système de défense côtier "Bastion"

Le P-800 Onix (SS-N-26 Yakhont) : le missile anti-navire le plus rapide du monde

Le déploiement complet d'une telle batterie à partir de Sotchi permettra à la flotte russe de couvrir l'ensemble des côtes géorgiennes. Le renforcement des capacités de la 25e division autonome des missiles serait par ailleurs, selon des sources non officielles, destinée à contre-balancer le déploiement de batteries Patriot en Turquie. La Russie a livré à la Syrie deux batteries "Bastion" en 2010-2011 qui sont opérationnelles. La livraison de ces équipements, destinés notamment à protéger les installations navales russes de Tartous, avaient alors suscité des protestations de Washington, Ankara et surtout, Tel-Aviv.

http://www.rusnavyintelligence.com/

Pas bon pour nous ça

Faut renforcer BLACKSEAFOR ...

Volée de plombs pour le BPC.........
Pas content le nouveau ministre de la défense.....
http://www.opex360.com/2013/02/06/lachat-des-bpc-mistral-critique-en-russie/

Gémini a écrit:

Volée de plombs pour le BPC.........
Pas content le nouveau ministre de la défense.....
http://www.opex360.com/2013/02/06/lachat-des-bpc-mistral-critique-en-russie/

j´aime bien ce passage

Citation :

Et le même Dmitri Rogozine n’en est pas resté là en affirmant, le 5 février, que les carburants russes ne sont pas adaptés aux BPC français. “Il se peut que nos spécialistes en chimie mettent au point des dispositifs spéciaux afin de contourner ce problème”, a-t-il avancé.

comprendre: tant que les BPC ne naviguent pas au fuel russe avec une fumée de Mig29,ca ne sera pas reconnu en tant que navire russe de loin.

Citation :

Russian Navy Testing Missile Defense System in Caspian



Russian Navy Testing Missile Defense System in Caspian
MOSCOW, February 6 (RIA Novosti) – The coastal missile unit of the Russian Navy's Caspian Flotilla is conducting a series of exercises to practice using the Navy's only Bal coastal missile system, a representative of the Southern Military District said Wednesday.
Participants are learning how to detect and track air- and sea-based targets, organize communications and process and transmit data that would affect decisions about using the system, the representative said. The exercises are taking place at the Adanak test site in Russia’s republic of Dagestan.
Combat crews are practicing elements of deployment, electronic launches against imitation targets and quick changes of position after launch, according to the representative.
The crews have already practiced neutralizing enemy airstrikes and surveillance teams, as well as conducting reconnaissance of possible routes – in terms of engineering, radiation, chemical and biological factors – and putting out fires, the representative said. It was not immediately clear how long the exercises had been going on.
The Bal mobile coastal missile system with Kh-35 type antiship missiles can engage targets at up to 120 kilometers under any weather conditions, according to VPK.name, a respected Russian military news website. Armstrade.org, another Russian arms-related website, reports that the system entered service in the Caspian Flotilla at the end of 2011.
The system is designed to control territorial waters, protect naval bases and other coastal installations.
It can carry out both single and salvo launches with up to 32 missiles.

Yakuza a écrit:

Gémini a écrit:

Volée de plombs pour le BPC.........
Pas content le nouveau ministre de la défense.....
http://www.opex360.com/2013/02/06/lachat-des-bpc-mistral-critique-en-russie/

j´aime bien ce passage

Citation :

Et le même Dmitri Rogozine n’en est pas resté là en affirmant, le 5 février, que les carburants russes ne sont pas adaptés aux BPC français. “Il se peut que nos spécialistes en chimie mettent au point des dispositifs spéciaux afin de contourner ce problème”, a-t-il avancé.

comprendre: tant que les BPC ne naviguent pas au fuel russe avec une fumée de Mig29,ca ne sera pas reconnu en tant que navire russe de loin.

Je ne retrouve plus l'article en russe mais il parlait d'operation en temparture avoisinant les -10° (en ce qui concerne les modifications )

S400 + pantsir

Su-30 et YAK-130 à irkutsk

Citation :

Russie: le véhicule blindé Tigre-M équipera l'armée au premier semestre 2013

MOSCOU, 10 février - RIA Novosti

Le véhicule blindé Tigre-M sera adopté par l'armée russe au cours du premier semestre de l'année 2013, a déclaré le porte-parole de la Compagnie militaro-industrielle (VPK) Sergueï Souvorov.

"Il est prévu que le Tigre-M, version améliorée du véhicule blindé Tigre, soit officiellement adopté par l'armée russe au cours du premier semestre 2013", a indiqué le porte-parole.

Ce dernier a précisé que le blindé à roues avait subi des tests d'Etat et qu'à la demande du commanditaire le constructeur améliorait sa capacité de résistance aux mines.

D'après Sergueï Souvorov, la production en série, notamment de la version export, avait déjà été lancée. Parmi les pays importateurs du Tigre-M figurent le Brésil, la République démocratique du Congo, la Guinée et l'Uruguay.

Capable de transporter jusqu'à 10 hommes de troupe entièrement équipés, le blindé Tigre-M à roues pèse 5.300 kg et offre la capacité de charge utile de 1.500 kg. Sa vitesse maximale varie entre 125 et 140 km/h. Le blindage et le système de protection contre les armes nucléaires, chimiques et biologiques du Tigre-M ont été renforcés, par rapport à la version précédente.

http://fr.rian.ru/defense/20130210/197483913.html