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 Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

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MessageSujet: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeMer 29 Juin 2011 - 13:25

Rappel du premier message :

Citation :

Les chantiers navals russes livreront 17 navires en 2011



En 2011, le consortium russe de construction navale OSK livrera à la Marine du pays et aux clients étrangers 17 bâtiments de guerre, dont deux sous-marins nucléaires lanceurs d'engins (SNLE), a annoncé mercredi aux journalistes le PDG du consortium, Roman Trotsenko.

"Cette année, nous projetons de livrer 17 bâtiments de guerre aux forces navales russes et aux clients étrangers, y compris des SNLE et des bâtiments de surface", a-t-il déclaré lors du Salon international de la défense maritime (IMDS-2011) qui se déroule du 29 juin au 2 juillet à Saint-Pétersbourg.

M. Trotsenko a précisé que la Marine russe recevrait deux sous-marins nucléaires, mais a refusé de citer leurs noms.

Une source bien informée au sein du complexe militaro-industriel a confié à RIA Novosti qu'il s'agissait du sous-marin stratégique Iouri Dolgorouki (utilisé mardi pour un test du missile balistique intercontinental Boulava) et du sous-marin nucléaire à fonctions multiples Severodvinsk.

Selon M. Trotsenko, l'OSK construit actuellement 54 navires, dont 40 pour les forces navales russes et 14 pour des pays étrangers.
RIA Novosti

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Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Star3Le Prophéte (saw) a dit: Les Hommes Les meilleurs sont ceux qui sont les plus utiles aux autresArmée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Star3
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeSam 24 Déc 2011 - 15:05

Surveillance and detection of optical systems

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart635-500x333
Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart639-500x333
Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart645-500x333

Laser rangefineder and night vision sights

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart654-500x333
Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart655-500x333
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Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart658-500x333

Eleron-3SV UAV

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart105-500x333

VKS sniper rifle

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart106-500x333

Internal troops 604th Special purpose center officer

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart107-500x333

Interpolitex-2011 - Firearms and ammunition

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 InterpolitexPart541-500x333
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeDim 25 Déc 2011 - 13:36

Le GAN russe a fait son entré au méditerranée ... le Kuz et son esort vont amarrer au large de l'Algérie avant de se diriger vers Malte. Le video montre leur traversé par Gibraltar et un moment de détente pour l'équipage du Kuz. On remmarque que l'un des SU33 est armé d'un missile AA.


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."قال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم : "أيما امرأة استعطرت فمرّت بقوم ليجدوا ريحها فهي زانية
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeLun 26 Déc 2011 - 12:09

Citation :

Novosibirsk aircraft plant of Sukhoi delivered two more Su-34 frontline bombers to the Russian Air Force

December 22, Moscow. Today two more serial Su-34 frontline bombers went up in the sky from the runway airport of the Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association (NAPO) and off to the place of their deployment at the air base in Voronezh. The first four aircraft arrived there on December 12. According to the official announcement of the Western Military Command, as from the beginning of the year 2012 all Su-34 aircraft will take part in the military drills.

The aircraft delivery is carried out in the framework of the five-year state contract signed in 2008 to supply 32 Su-34 frontline bombers to the Russian Defense Ministry.


Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Su34

In September 2011 the state joint testing of the airplane was completed and the official act was signed with the recommendation to put the plane into service of the Russian Air Force. In future the Su-34 aircraft will replace the fleet of the Su-24 frontline bombers currently in service.

The Su-34 can effectively attack land-based, sea- and airborne targets by day and night in all weathers using the entire suite of its airborne munitions, including high-precision types. In terms of operational capabilities this is a 4+ generation aircraft. Its active safety system, along with the newest computers, provides extra capabilities for the pilot and navigator to perform precise bombing and to maneuver under enemy fire. The excellent aerodynamics, large capacity internal fuel tanks, fuel-efficient bypass engines with a digital control system, in-flight refueling device and add-on fuel tanks enable the aircraft to fly long distances close to those of medium strategic bombers.

The aircraft features an outstanding flight performance, maintainability and maneuverability. It has long-range aiming systems and modern on-board communication and information exchange system with ground control stations, ground troops and surface ships as well as between aircraft of the group.

The Su-34 is armed with highly effective long-range air-to-surface and air-to-air guided weapons enabling multi-channel operational employment. It is equipped with a highly intelligent system of radar countermeasures and defense. The Su-34 has a sophisticated survival system, including an armored cockpit. The aircraft can perform missions at a low altitude in bypass and fly-by modes. There are immediate plans to increase the combat potential of the aircraft with new weapons.
sukhoi


Citation :
Sukhoi completes contract for new Su-27SM(3) multi-role fighters for the Russian Air Force
Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 2835f3765aaf46eae9555ae33d937a186765119c_big
(Photo: Sukhoi Company)

15:46 GMT, December 23, 2011 Moscow | The Sukhoi Company has completed delivery of 12 new multi-purpose Su-27SM(3) fighters to the Russian Air Force. The last batch of aircraft was sent to the place of deployment. They were released under a state contract, signed between the Sukhoi Company and the Ministry of Defence at the MAKS-2009 air show. The production was organized at the Sukhoi’s KnAAPO aircraft plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The Su-27SM(3) fighter aircraft has a strengthened airframe to enable takeoff weight increased by more than 3 tons and additional suspension points to accommodate weapons. The fighters are equipped with new equipment and weapons complexes as well as with the new AL-31F-M1 turbofan engines produced by the MMPP “Salut”, which are characterized by high thrust and extended time between overhauls.

New and upgraded equipment installed at the aircraft allows the use of new “air-to-air” and “air-to-surface” extended range missiles. The capabilities of the aircraft under intense enemy air defense counter-measures were upgraded due to the application of a new set of ECM. The integrated information system (CIS) has improved the operational and technical characteristics of the aircraft. The information-control field of the cockpit was improved. The pilot’s cabin has become a “glass” one completely with 4 multifunctional displays installed, which allowed discarding 13 dial indicators. The new communications system provides a robust secure communication with command posts and between aircraft in the air.

The Su-27SM(3) as a multirole fighter is able to fulfill combat missions effectively using high-precision “air-to-surface” weapons, including satellite-guided bombs. When operating against air targets the Su-27SM(3) is nearly 2 times more efficient than its predecessor — the Su-27C, while in actions against ground targets it performs more than 3 times better.
defpro

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Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Star3Le Prophéte (saw) a dit: Les Hommes Les meilleurs sont ceux qui sont les plus utiles aux autresArmée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Star3
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeLun 26 Déc 2011 - 12:34

affraid Bizzare cette camo ...

Voici l'image full size : http://sukhoi.org/img/gallery/wallpaper/su34-100.jpg

_________________
."قال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم : "أيما امرأة استعطرت فمرّت بقوم ليجدوا ريحها فهي زانية
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeLun 26 Déc 2011 - 14:56

camo sovietique de la mer du nord

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Source

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."قال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم : "أيما امرأة استعطرت فمرّت بقوم ليجدوا ريحها فهي زانية
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeMar 27 Déc 2011 - 12:50

Citation :


Russie: le missile Boulava sera livré à l'armée (Medvedev)

Les essais du missile balistique intercontinental Boulava sont terminés, l'engin sera livré à l'armée, a déclaré mardi le président russe Dmitri Medvedev.

"Des problèmes persistent encore dans le domaine balistique et spatial. Cependant, nous avons récemment fait un pas très important, à savoir que nous avons terminé un cycle d'essais d'un missile nucléaire stratégique contemporain. Il s'agit du Boulava. Ce n'était pas facile, il y avait des problèmes, mais notre industrie a prouvé qu'elle pouvait créer des armements stratégiques contemporains d'une grande efficacité. Après tous ces tests, le missile Boulava va être livré à l'armée", a annoncé M.Medvedev.

Le missile R30 3M30 Boulava-30 (code OTAN SS-NX-30, dénomination internationale RSM-56) devrait donc devenir l'arme principale des forces stratégiques navales russes. Il s'agit d'un missile à trois étages à propergol solide. D'une portée de 8.000 km, le Boulava peut être équipé de dix ogives nucléaires hypersoniques de 100 à 150 kt et à trajectoire indépendante.

Le 23 décembre, un tir en salve réussi de deux missiles Boulava a été effectué en mer Blanche. Au total, la Russie a procédé à 18 essais depuis 2004, dont onze ont été couronnés de succès.


RIAN

_________________
."قال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم : "أيما امرأة استعطرت فمرّت بقوم ليجدوا ريحها فهي زانية
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeMar 27 Déc 2011 - 16:22

Citation :


Russie: tir réussi d'un missile balistique Stilet (officiel)


L'armée russe a réussi le tir d'un missile balistique intercontinental RS-18 Stilet à partir du cosmodrome Baïkonour (Kazakhstan), a annoncé mardi à RIA Novosti le colonel Vadim Koval, porte-parole des Troupes de missiles stratégiques russes (RVSN).

"Le tir avait pour objectif de confirmer la stabilité des principales caractéristiques de cette classe de missiles", a indiqué le colonel.

Comme RIA Novosti l'a appris auprès du complexe militaro-industriel, un nouvel équipement capable de surmonter un bouclier antimissile, est actuellement testé sur les missiles de type RS-18.


RIA Novosti

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Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Star3Le Prophéte (saw) a dit: Les Hommes Les meilleurs sont ceux qui sont les plus utiles aux autresArmée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Star3
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Dernière édition par MAATAWI le Mer 28 Déc 2011 - 12:21, édité 1 fois
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeMer 28 Déc 2011 - 11:58

Citation :


Russian Navy Rejects Project 12322 Zubr Air-Cushion Landing Ships
Russian Navy command made a decision not to purchase Project 12322 Zubr small-size air-cushion landing ships, reports Izvestiya referring to a source in Navy Main HQ.

Instead, it is planned to build new dynamic and static buoyancy boats which will be based on various landing ships including Mistral-class helicopter carriers.






Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Project_12322_Zubr_Air-Cushion_Landing_Ships_lcac
Zubr class (Project 1232.2 class, NATO reporting name Pomornik) Air-cushioned landing craft
(picture: US Navy)






Development of Zubr small-size air-cushion landing ships started in the USSR in 1978, and the first serial ship joined Soviet Navy in 1988. Its carrying capacity is 3 main battle tanks with overall mass of 150 tons or 10 armored personnel carriers weighing up to 131 tons plus 140 marines, or 8 infantry fighting vehicles with mass up to 115 tons. Instead of armor, Zubr is capable to accommodate other 366 men.

In total, 14 Zubr-class ships had been launched; only two of them remained in inventory of Russian Navy. Five ships were utilized, two – uncompleted, and five – sold to Greece where they are currently used as tourist craft.
navyrecognition

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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeMer 28 Déc 2011 - 16:26

La Salvo tir du 23/12


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."قال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم : "أيما امرأة استعطرت فمرّت بقوم ليجدوا ريحها فهي زانية
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeMer 28 Déc 2011 - 19:54

Citation :


quelques points de l'interview avec Andrey Dyachkov : General Director of both Sevmash and TsKB MT Rubin

Sevmash won’t be repairing CV Admiral Kuznetsov in 2012. The shipyard is prepared to build a future carrier.

They want to test Proyekt 677 Lada and its sonar in deeper waters next year


Interview complète

Spoiler:


http://russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com/tag/admiral-kuznetsov/



_________________
."قال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم : "أيما امرأة استعطرت فمرّت بقوم ليجدوا ريحها فهي زانية
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MessageSujet: Re: Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation   Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Icon_minitimeVen 30 Déc 2011 - 10:53

Citation :
Russian nuclear submarine, Yekaterinburg, in dock fire

A fire has broken out during repairs to a Russian nuclear submarine at a dock near the northern port of Murmansk.

The Russian Emergency Ministry said there had been no leak of radiation, and nobody was injured.

The Yekaterinburg submarine was being repaired when wooden structures in the dock caught fire and the flames spread to the vessel, say Russian media.

Eleven fire crews and a navy launch fought the blaze, which has now been put out.

Local media reports said a helicopter was also used.
'Fire cannot spread'
The Russian defence ministry said the nuclear reactors on the vessel were already shut down when the fire broke out.

All weapons had also been removed from the submarine before it entered the dock, the ministry said.
Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 _57614056_013600715-1 The Yekaterinburg is part of the Russian navy's Northern Fleet

As a huge plume of smoke billowed into the sky a Russian defence ministry spokesman, Igor Konashenkov, insisted there was no major risk from the fire.

"The power unit was switched off and is now safe," he told Russian state television.

"The fire cannot spread into the sub. There is no threat to onboard technical equipment."

Russian news agencies later said the submarine had been partially submerged in the dock to help extinguish the blaze.

The Yekaterinburg is a Delta-IV-class nuclear submarine. It was commissioned by the Soviet Union in 1985 and can carry 16 intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Safety on Russian navy submarines is a sensitive issue for the military following the Kursk disaster in August 2000.

The Kursk nuclear submarine sank in the Barents Sea off north-west Russia, killing all 118 seamen on board.

Investigators concluded that an explosion of fuel from one of its torpedoes caused the sinking.

bbc

Citation :


Russian military jet crashes, both crew survive



(AP) MOSCOW — The Defense Ministry says one of its military jets has crashed while trying to land in southern Russia, but both crewmembers bailed out safely.

Ministry spokesman Col. Igor Konashenkov said the Su-24 bomber — on a regular training mission— crashed Thursday as it attempted to land at the Marinovka air base in the Volgograd region, some 870 kilometers (540 miles) south of Moscow.

He said both crewmembers ejected to safety, and the plane caught fire on landing and then burnt up.

The twin-engined Su-24 has been an important component of the Soviet and then Russian air force since the 1970s.


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Citation :
Incendie dans un sous-marin nucléaire russe

LEMONDE.FR avec AFP | 30.12.11 | 08h22 • Mis à jour le 30.12.11 | 08h26


Le niveau de radioactivité dans la localité de Rosliakovo, lieu de l'incendie d'un sous-marin nucléaire russe, est dans la norme et ne présente "pas de menace pour la population", a indiqué vendredi 30 décembre l'antenne régionale du ministère des situations d'urgence. "Ces paramètres sont dans la fourchette de fluctuation de la radiation naturelle. Il n'y a pas de menace pour la population", a indiqué le ministère dans un communiqué.
Selon les agences russes qui citaient les autorités, l'incendie du sous-marin, dont la coque a pris feu jeudi soir, brûlait toujours vendredi matin mais était "maîtrisé", alors qu'une partie de l'équipage se trouve à bord du submersible. "Une partie de l'équipage est à bord du sous-marin et contrôle en permanence les paramètres de températures et de dioxyde de carbone", selon le ministère de la défense.


Neuf pompiers ont été légèrement intoxiqués par la fumée de cet incendie, qui s'est déclaré à 16 h 20, heure de Moscou (13 h 20, heure de Paris), et ne présente aucun danger pour l'intérieur du bâtiment selon les autorités, a indiqué une source du ministère russe des situations d'urgence, citée par l'agence. "L'incendie a été circonscrit à 1 h 40 heure de Moscou (22 h 40, heure de Paris)", a déclaré le ministre russe des situations d'urgence, Sergueï Choïgou, cité par Interfax. Il doit être "complètement éteint dans les heures qui viennent", a précisé à l'agence un porte-parole de l'antenne locale du ministère.

SYSTÈME DE PROPULSION NUCLÉAIRE COUPÉ

Une enquête criminelle pour "destruction ou endommagement de biens militaires par imprudence" a été ouverte, selon un porte-parole du parquet militaire russe, cité par Ria Novosti. Aucune information n'a été donnée jusqu'ici sur les causes de cet incendie, alors que, selon les autorités russes, aucun système d'armement n'est à bord du sous-marin dont le système de propulsion nucléaire est coupé.

Le ministère russe des situations d'urgence, cité par Interfax, a précisé qu'il s'agissait du sous-marin nucléaire Ekaterinbourg et qu'aucune fuite de radioactivité n'avait été constatée en provenance de ce submersible, mis en service dans l'armée russe en 1985. Ce sous-marin nucléaire de classe Delta IV a été commandé par l'ex-URSS en 1985 et peut transporter jusqu'à 16 missiles balistiques intercontinentaux, selon le descriptif du sous-marin donné par des médias russes.

Le drame, dont le monde entier se souvient, fut celui du fleuron de la marine russe, le Koursk, qui avait coulé en 2000 et dont les 118 membres d'équipage avaient péri, faute de secours. La gestion de l'accident par Vladimir Poutine avait alors été vivement critiquée.
En 2008, le déclenchement intempestif du système anti-incendie à bord du sous-marin russe Nerpa avait provoqué la mort de 20 personnes, dans l'océan Pacifique.


Le Monde

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Les Russes ont vraiment de graves problémes de sureté pour leur SM.
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Gémini a écrit:
Les Russes ont vraiment de graves problémes de sureté pour leur SM.

Plus de détails en relations avec l'incident ?

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Des détails Question pas plus que ce que l'on veut bien nous dire....
Mais les Russes sont des coutumiers de "l'incident" avec leur SM.
Cela ne fait pas trés serieux.
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Bref ...

Citation :


Medvedev orders repair of fire-damaged sub

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has ordered the repar of a Russian submarine damaged by fire while in dry dock near Murmansk, the Kremlin said in a press release.

The outer hull of the Yekaterinburg, a Delta-class nuclear submarine, caught fire on Thursday during repairs at a shipyard in the northwest Russian Murmansk Region, the local Emergencies Ministry department said.

Emergencies Minister Sergei Shoigu on Friday reported that the fire has been put out. Firefighters battled the blaze for nine hours after it broke out.

Medvedev instructed deputy prime ministers Igor Sechin and Dmitry Rogozin to take all necessary measures for the restoration of the submarine.

Fire safety violations during routine maintenance works are seen as the most likely cause of the blaze at the floating repair dock.

No deaths or injuries among the crew and shipyard workers have been reported. However, nine people were hospitalized due to smoke inhalation, a law enforcement source in the Murmansk region said. Two have already been discharged from hospital.

President Dmitry Medvedev has ordered the Prosecutor General’s Office to thoroughly investigate the incident and to punish those responsible.

The submarine’s hydro acoustic system, disabled by the fire, will need to be replaced before it is brought back into service, an expert said.

The antennas of the submarine’s hydro acoustic system were damaged by the fire, Moscow Defense Brief chief editor Mikhail Barabanov said.

The fire was caused when fuel and lubricants were set ablaze by welding in the system’s nose section, he said.

RIAN

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Des photos de l'incident ... Comme on peut constater, il s'agit pas seulement l'échaffaudage, mais aussi le revêtement de la coque ... ce qui pousse à croire que la coque a subi dégats thermiques Rolling Eyes la réparation ne sera pas si facile qu'on peut croire. De toute façon on va savoir plus d'infos avec le temps.

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Dernière édition par Fremo le Dim 1 Jan 2012 - 13:10, édité 1 fois
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Le Kuz s'entraine en Méditerranée ... dans cette vid on explique le rôle des brins d'arrêt aussi et on fini par un show du Su-33


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Citation :

Russia to modernize 60 MiG-31 interceptors by 2020

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 170592821

The Russian Air Force will receive over 60 modernized MiG-31 Foxhound interceptor aircraft by 2020, the Defense Ministry said.

A modernization contract was signed by the ministry and Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation in December last year.

“We are planning to upgrade more than 60 MiG-31 interceptors to the MiG-31BM version by 2020,” Air Force spokesman Vladimir Drik said last week.

Relatively few MiG-31s have been modernized to the MiG-31BM liebe version since the heavy interceptor entered service with the Russian Air Force in 1982.

The modernized version is fitted with upgraded avionics and digital data links, a new multimode radar, color multi-function cockpit displays, and a more powerful weapons-control system. It can detect airborne targets at the range of 320 kilometers (200 miles) and simultaneously track up to 10 targets.

The MiG-31BM can carry new air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles such as the AS-17 Krypton anti-radar missile.

MiG-31 interceptors are an integral part of a comprehensive aerospace defense network being created in Russia to thwart any potential airborne threats, including ballistic and cruise missiles.


RIAN

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Le PA Kuznetsov, on voit le premier appontage du Mig29K à bord en premier. Remarquez bien ce qu'on voit à la minute 4:25


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Citation :


La Russie double le financement des troupes du génie

Le ministère russe de la Défense doublera le financement des troupes du génie en 2012 par rapport à 2011, a annoncé mardi à Moscou le porte-parole du ministère pour l'Armée de terre, Sergueï Vlassov.

"Cette année, nous envisageons de débloquer deux fois plus de fonds qu'en 2011 pour le rééquipement des troupes du génie russes, leur modernisation, les travaux de recherche et les essais", a indiqué le sous-colonel Vlassov.

"En 2011, les troupes du génie russes ont reçu de nouveaux matériels de guerre et équipements - des vedettes de remorquage BMK-225, des camions-grues d'usage militaire, des vêtements modernisés de protection de sapeurs, des détecteurs d'explosifs et d'autres équipements techniques", a annoncé le sous-colonel.

Plus de 100 nouveaux camions-grues livrés à l'armée en 2011 permettent notamment la manutention de munitions nucléaires, a précisé le responsable.


RIAN

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Le Kuz traversant le détroit le 23/12/11

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Quelques info sur Lada

Citation :

Deep Sea Quest
A case for Russia’s Amur submarine for Indian Navy’s P-75I programme

By Vladimir ‘Vovick’ Karnozov

Moscow: Three recent developments may help the Russians win the ongoing international competition for the Project 75(I): the Russian Navy’s commissioning of the Saint Petersburg, big domestic orders placed with the nation’s largest submarine builder — Sevmash and preparations for underwater trials of the BrahMos cruise missile.
In the middle of 2010, Indian defence minister A.K. Antony gave approval for the Project 75(I), calling for procurement of six conventional (non-nuclear) submarines for USD 10.7 billion. While two vessels are to be constructed in the collaborator country, the remaining four are scheduled to be built in India, under license.
According to the defence procurement practices, suitable companies from major exporting countries were invited to bid. They were forwarded Request for Information (RFI) in the second half of 2010 and the

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Project%20955%20Borey-class%20strategic%20nuclear%20submarine,%20the%20Yuri%20Dolgoruky

request for proposal (RFP) is expected in the middle of 2012. If things move on time, the results are expected by 2014, and the delivery of the first vessel by 2016-2017.
Four contenders — Rosoboronexport of Russia, Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft (HDW) of Germany, DCNS of France and Navantia of Spain — are offering Amur 1650, Type 214, Scorpene and S-80 respectively. According to the RFI, circle of possible options was confined to those designs that were based on prototypes in existence.

The Russian Navy operates the Saint Petersburg, head vessel of the Project 677 design, codenamed Lada. The Amur 1650 is the latter’s export derivative. The German Navy operates Type 212 U-boats, from which the Type 214 was derived for export purposes. The French Navy operates only nuclear-powered submarines, but DCNS has already delivered a pair of Scorpene submarines to Chile, another pair to Malaysia and is supplying six to India under license-production contract with Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL). Navantia’s product does not meet the above requirement, but this may change soon as the Spanish Navy takes delivery of its first S-80, now under construction some time in 2013-2015.

The Indian Navy operates four Shishumar class submarines of the German Type 209 and 10 Russian-built Project 877EKM attributed to the Sindhughosh class. It use to have eight older Russian submarines, but the last of those, the INS Vagli, retired in 2011 after 36 years of service. Of the existing fleet, only four submarines are expected to remain operational in 2020 and none in 2025.

India has plans for 24 new non-nuclear submarines, of which, 12 shall be built locally and 12 by the collaborator. In 2003-2005, France won the order for six Scorpene class submarines worth over USD four billion. These are being constructed locally at MDL in Mumbai. Sadly, the construction process has been going slower than originally envisioned.

Meanwhile, India is also developing its nuclear submarine called Advanced Technology Vehicle, with the head vessel, Arihant nearly ready for sea trials. Besides, under a special deal between Kremlin and New Delhi, the Indian Navy is going to operate, under lease terms, a Project 971 submarine. The ship Nerpa, with tactical number K-152, is undergoing acceptance trials. Upon the completion of the trials, she will go south and serve there as INS Chakra. The Indian Navy may have as many as five or six nuclear-powered submarines in 2020. This would be a big development, but the need for modern conventional submarines will remain.

Face-Off

Germany, France and Russia have been competing for submarine orders round the world for decades. In this respect, each of the three has its strong and weak points. Broadly speaking, the West Europeans are considered better at air-independent propulsion (AIP) technologies in non-nuclear vessels. The Germans claim their Type 212 can move submerged at speed of three knots for nearly 14 days. This is made possible through the use of 300kWt AIP, based on fuel elements, and the use of stored oxygen.

The Russian submarines have better chances in a duel situation. In this respect, the current production Project 636 (06363) is pictured as prevailing over the contemporary German and French designs. The newer Amur 1650 is even better, due to more powerful acoustic system, lesser noise and lower displacement (1,765t against 2,350t).

As an added bonus, the Russian submarines can be equipped with Club-S missile system from Novator, an export version of the Caliber on the Russian Navy ships. The Club-S can fire three types of missiles, the anti-ship 3M-54, the anti-submarine 91R and the land-strike 3M-14. Today, such missilery is available only from Russia. In the course of modernisation and upgrade, Indian Navy’s Project 877EKM submarines have been obtaining the Club-S.

It is interesting to note that certain countries with reputation as capable submarine builders are not bidding in India, this time. At one point, there were speculations that the S-1000 was being offered. This is a Russian design made under contract by Fincantieri of Italy, as an inexpensive ‘no-frills’ submarine, with displacement of 1,000 tons, intended mostly for coastal protection. Respective development contract was signed in 2004 and fulfilled shortly afterwards. However, neither the S-1000, nor its completely Russian equivalent Amur 950, is on offer to India.

Swedish Kockums company is working on the A26 with 1,900 ton displacement, after building a series of three Gotland 1,500 ton submarines. The Gotland features Sterling-type AIP with underwater time up to 20 days. Australia operates six similar Collins class submarines produced in 1996-2003, while Singapore will soon be taking a pair of 1,500-tonne Archer submarines after they were rebuilt in Sweden. It is believed that after HDW took control over Kockums in 2004, it has the right to control the latter’s export operations. And, HDW chose to reply to the Indian RFI with the Type 214 offer.

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 St%20Petersburg%20%E2%80%98Lada%E2%80%99

Starting in 1998, HDW has been supplying Type 212 U-boats to German and Italian navies with eight deliveries, so far. The exportable Type 214 is larger, with displacement of 1,960t against 1,450t. So far, nine deliveries have been made to Portugal, Republic of Korea and Greece.

Early sale success was somewhat marred by media reports about numerous design deficiencies. The U-boats tended to be unstable when surfaced, especially in strong winds, their AIPs produced lower output and overheated. There were reports of water leaking into hydraulics, periscope vibrations, cavitation, which decreased the propeller’s efficiency, and certain onboard sensors worked unstably. In 2010-2011, the RoK Navy reportedly withdrew submarines from active service temporarily for repairs, as nearly 30 cases of loosing bolts were discovered on three vessels.
The fairly advanced and innovative design of Type 212/214 at the turn of the century, could not escape the inevitable teething problems. However, most of them are believed to have been cured by now, and the German product is widely considered front-runner in the ongoing completion.

The S-80 is the largest of the four competing designs with 2,400t displacement. Worldwide economic crisis and the problems in the Euro zone postponed completion of the first Spanish Navy vessel from 2011 to 2013, and then over to 2015. Herein lies its weakest point. The S-80 is a very advanced submarine featuring an all-new but untried AIP solution, with a bio-ethanol processor of hydrogen. The S-80 has a combat management system from Lockheed Martin. While, this insures high quality, such advanced systems of US origin come with restrictions on access to their codes, algorithms and software package.

France has already won Indian order for six Scorpene vessels. Increasing the numbers to 12 may be beneficial to local partner MDL. France does not operate Scorpene for itself, but Portugal and Malaysia operate them in a simplified 1,500-t version without AIP. KD Tunku Abdul Rahman and KD Tun Razak completed in 2009, for the Malaysian Navy, reportedly had problems when getting submerged. Contract worth over Euro two billion raised concerns in the country, with claims made against certain government members. Adding to DCNS’ troubles were charges of corruption.

Armée Russe / Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Page 13 Project%20677%20submarine


DCNS has produced unique type of AIP called MESMA (Module d’Energie Sous-Marin Autonome). MESMA makes use of a steam turbine. Steam is generated by combustion of ethanol and oxygen stored under pressure of 60 atmospheres. There is only one submarine actually outfitted with MESMA, the Pakistan Navy’s third hull of the Agosta 90B class. The S137 Hanza differs from her sister ships in having displacement of 2,050 tons against 1,760, and comes equipped with a 200kW MESMA. Reportedly, she did not manage to develop the advertised four knots, her actual speed falling one knot behind the promise.

Naturally, use of compact steam turbines predetermines relatively low efficiency, in range of 15-26 per cent compared to 42-46 per cent for the German AIP
solution and 50-55 per cent for the Russian. The latter two centre on use of fuel cells and electrochemical generators and have power output in the region of 300-350 kW, just enough to make three-four knots under water.

BrahMos

BrahMos Aerospace under the leadership of Dr Sivathanu Pillai is a joint venture between India and Russia. The company develops the PJ-10 supersonic cruise missile able to strike at stationary and moving surface targets, such as warships. Based on the Russian systems known under names of the Onix, Alfa and Yakhont, the PJ-10 has a launch weight of four tons. If a decision to use the BrahMos missiles on the Project 75(I) ships is taken, the resulting submarine will appear to have a stretched hull, to house one more compartment amidships. This one will house a number of vertical launch containers. Models of the Amur 1650 exhibited at international show how this will be done.

There could be varied reasons to integrate BrahMos in the existing European hulls, but it seems to be a difficult proposition. For instance, the Germans keep reservoirs for hydrogen storage in the upper part of the hull just aft of the conning tower.
Besides, it is not about simply making a stretch to accommodate one more hull section — the effort also requires combat management and other systems to serve the missiles and insure their effective employment in wartime. Of the three European bidders, only France has experience of launching missiles vertically from under water depths.

The Russians can smoothly integrate the BrahMos on their ships, as they have a rich experience in vertical launches and, more importantly, invented the BrahMos itself as a derivative of the Onix system, in use on Russian submarines.
Russian weaknesses are chiefly aftermaths of the system crisis in their defence industrial complex that developed after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Meeting offset requirements is particularly an issue. Negotiations on the matter of offset need active participation of Russia’s integrated structures such as the United Shipbuilding Corporation (OSK) and Russian Technologies State Corporation.

Options and Possibilities

India may choose to buy more submarines from abroad in addition to acquisitions under the Projects 75 and 75(I). This may involve more Project 971 ships and, perhaps, the Project 636 as well. The latter has been popular with China, which added six improved ships in 2004-2006 to a pair acquired in 1997-1998. Besides, China has commenced building copies known as the Yuan class. Algeria took two vessels in 2009 and Vietnam signed for six. Last year, the Admiralty Shipyards in St Petersburg laid down the Novorossiysk and the Rostov-upon-Don for the Russian Navy’s Black Sea Fleet. The local customer has ordered four more improved Project 636 (06363) vessels.

The Project 636 was on offer in India sometime ago. This time, however, the Russians responded to the new Indian RFI with the more modern Amur 1650. The decision was influenced by the Russian Navy commander’s order dated 6 May 2010, on inclusion of the St Petersburg, the head vessel of Project 677, into inventory of the Baltic Sea Fleet, supplemented by ritual hoisting of the Russian Navy flag.

Development of the Lada commenced in the middle of Eighties. It was meant to be a sort of interceptor, able to defeat US fast-attack submarines, operating off Russian coasts which were trying to detect and then shadow Russian strategic nuclear submarines on deterrent patrols. For this purpose, the Project 677 was made quieter and smaller than its predecessor Project 636, yet equipped with much more powerful acoustic sensors.

At the turn of the century, the Admiralty Shipyards laid down two series hulls, the Kronshtadt and the Sevastopol for the Russian Navy, and a third for export. In November, Rubin chief engineer Igor Vilnit told the media: “Construction of these vessels for the navy goes on in accordance with respective Russian government orders. Meantime, the head vessel, the St Petersburg, is undergoing modernisation and overhauling work in preparations of her operational trials in northern waters, according to the plans of the Russian defence ministry and the navy.”
The Admiralty Shipyards reports that the series hulls are 40 per cent and 10 per cent complete respectively, while the export hull is ready for outfitting with systems. This creates good foundations for fulfilling would-be foreign orders, should overseas customers buy the Amur 1650.

n 2011, the Sevmash company (also referred to as SMP) declared its intent to built diesel-electric submarines along with the Admiralty Shipyards. Sevmash specialises in nuclear-powered submarines, with 128 units having been built in Severodvinsk so far, following commissioning of the K-3 in 1958. The company says that, without slowing down construction of nuclear-powered submarines for the Russian Navy, it can produce at least one diesel-electric submarine for export customers annually.

This statement comes along with another one: Sevmash and its patron OSK are talking to the Russian defence ministry on construction of three to four improved Project 636 submarines for the Russian Navy. Initially, the customer wanted to take six units from the Admiralty Shipyards, but latter was booked to capacity with previous orders, including that from the Vietnamese Navy. The builder is moving out of St Petersburg city to a new site on the island of Kotlin.

The importance of Sevmash is that, it adds considerably to the Russian export capabilities, especially in terms of production quality, and fulfilling industrial offset requirements. With workforce of 27,000, it is not only the largest shipbuilder in Russia, but also the best equipped and financially stable.

In November 2011, the Russian defence ministry awarded OSK and Sevmash orders for construction of four Project 955A Borey-A strategic nuclear submarines, in addition to three Project 955 Boreys, already built in Severodvinsk. The customer had ordered five Project 885M Yasen-M nuclear fast-attack submarines, in addition to the head vessel, now under sea trials. The exact sum of these contracts has not been made public but it is known that the Alexander Nevsky, a second Borey-class vessel, was build under contract worth Rouble 23 billion, which equates to USD 0.75 billion.

Lada Goes Through its Paces

Five years of the St Petersburg’s operational trials have highlighted issues that need to be resolved before the Project 677 goes into full scale production. It is a standard Russian practice that head vessel of a brand-new type goes through vigorous testing before permission is given for full scale production. For instance, a previous generation Russian design had a 4-year operational trails period on two ships during which the navy made nearly 30 major and half-a-thousand minor claims, and these were subsequently addressed and resolved by the industry before launching the type into quantity production.

Since entering service, St Petersburg sailed Baltic waters regularly every year, for trials and working out war tactics. Work on preparations of improved design for the Russian Navy is proceeding well, in view of the completion date of 2013.
In relation to the Project 75(I) competition, AIP is the hottest issue. By the time the Indian tender committee comes to the selection process of the most suitable supplier, work on shaping Amur 1650’s AIP would be complete. Due to huge investments in new technologies in the Soviet times, the Russian scientists have amassed large experience in fuel cells, and have tried them on submarines and spacecraft, and more recently, on unmanned air vehicles.

The Amur 1650 is offered with AIP that employs fuel cells and reforming of diesel fuel for hydrogen by means of electro chemical generator. This solution permits to escape the need of storing hydrogen onboard submarines, as the Germans do, and rather generate it, as necessary. This eases issues with coastal infrastructure and crew safety.

Experimental unit is under bench trials, and is available for inspection by Indian specialists. Next step in the programme is construction of AIP full-scale prototype. This work is being done by Rubin under the company’s initiative, in reply to requests of potential foreign customers.

It is interesting to notice that unlike certain Europeans, the Russian Navy is not interested in AIP. As a result, no R&D work is being pursued in relation to Project 677. The Russian thinking is that underwater time can better be enlarged by increased capacity of accumulator batteries. The classic acid batteries are giving way to newer ion-lithium. As of now, the St Petersburg is equipped with a classic battery, but in future, it will be replaced by ion-lithium, when latter gets available. It is expected that the Amur-1650 with ion-lithium batteries can get a two fold increase in underwater time – from 9 days currently up to 16, which is comparable to the current levels of German U-boats with AIP. What may happen is that Indian specialists working on the RFP to the Project 75(I) would finally drop their early requirement for AIP and rather specify underwater time and other parameters of autonomous operations.

Duel Situation

Another example illustrating difference in Russian and European approaches is a duel scenario. Starting from the Project 641B, the Soviet (and then Russian) thinking was focussed on lowering acoustic fields so that diesel-electric submarines could be effectively employed on defence of naval bases and coastal waters against US fast-attack submarines, seeking to shadow Russian strategic nuclear submarines. The Soviet Union invested heavily in powerful acoustic sensors that would enable its submarines to detect enemy ships at greater distances, and allow for timely execution of evasive manoeuvres or first-see-first-strike sort of action.

Acoustic signature can be decreased by means of employing electrical motors on permanent magnets. The Russians and the Germans went that way, brining to life, motors like Siemens Permasyn on Type 212/214, a unitary engine for ‘creeping’ towards target, economic cruise and full speed. This has been a new direction in conventional submarine development, which met numerous difficulties. Higher-than-advertised noised levels were reported for RoK and Helenic navy vessels. In turn, the Russians managed to achieve noise levels, but still worked on their SED-1 motor, trying to make it deliver the full advertised power. During sea trials of St Petersburg, underwater speed tended to increase, but it is still some two-three knots below specification.

The Project 677 features state-of-the-art Lira acoustic detection system from Elektropribor company, complete with huge quasi-conformal antennae. As a result, the Saint Petersburg fared better in simulated duels with previous-generation submarines. The Lira has demonstrated stable work in Baltic waters but still needs checking in deeper ocean waters. Following completion of the Saint Petersburg modernisation and repairs, the ship will go to the Arctic for testing purposes in 2012.

During public discussions on future of the Russian Naval forces in the time when the Russian Navy was choosing between the improved Project 636 and Project 677, to equip the Black Sea Fleet, lots of information became available on results of Saint Petersburg testing. This included making public certain facts about her teething problems such as that with SED-1. Bits of that information have been skilfully used by interested parties in a campaign against the newer Russian project, seemingly in an effort to decrease its chances in the global marketplace. Competition in the Project 75(I) tender is expected to be hot, and in many ways, decisive of the future of Russian non-nuclear submarines.

(The writer is a Russian journalist based in Moscow)

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