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Type-209
In the mid-1960s IKL designed for the export market a new boat that became the U-209 class in 1967. Designed specifically for the ocean-going role, the U-209 can, because of its relatively short length, operate successfully in coastal waters. The U-209 and its variants have proved so popular that 50 have been built or ordered by 12 export customers.
The six main variants of the U-209 are:
" the original 54.3-m U-209/1100 (960 tons surfaced and 1 105 tons dived); " 56-m U-209/1200 (980 tons surfaced and 1 185 tons dived); " 59.5-m U-209/1300 (1 000 tons surfaced and 1 285 tons dived); " 62-m U-209/1400 (1 454 tons surfaced and 1 586 tons dived); " 64.4-, U-209/1500 (1 660 tons surfaced and 1 850 tons dived); " and the smaller coastal 45-m U-640 (420 tons surfaced and 600 tons dived).
The countries which have bought these vessels are Greece (four U-209/1100 and four U-209/1200), Argentine (two U-209/1200), Peru (six U-209/1200), Colombia (two U-209/1200), South Korea (nine U-209/ 1200), Turkey (six U-209/1200 and eight U-209/1400, most of which have been built locally with German help), Venezuela (two U-209/1300), Chile (two U-209/1400), Ecuador (two U-209/1300), Indonesia (two U-209/1300 plus a further four projected but unlikely to be realized), Brazil (five U-209/ 1400), India (four U-209/1500 plus two more projected), South Africa (three U-209/1400) and Israel (three U-640). Each chose its own equipment fit and crew number according to economic requirements.
During the 1982 Falklands War the Argentine navy's U-209/1200-class submarine San Luis made three unsuccessful torpedo attacks on vessels of the British task force, but the knowledge of the boat's presence tied up considerable British ship and aircraft resources in efforts to find the submarine.
The U212 submarine is capable of long-distance submerged passage to the area of operation. The German Navy has ordered four of the submarines.
The Type 212 is being constructed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW) of Kiel and Thyssen Nordseewerke GmbH (TNSW) of Emden. HDW is responsible for the bow sections and TNSW for the stern section. HDW is assembling the first and third vessels, TNSW the second and fourth. U31, the first of the class, was launched in March 2002 and commissioned in October 2005.
The second, U32, was launched in December 2003 and was also commissioned in October 2005. The third, U33, was launched in September 2004 and commissioned in June 2006. U34 was launched in July 2005 and commissioned in May 2007.
In September 2006, the German Navy ordered two further U212 submarines. The first of these two, designated U35, was delivered in November 2011 and the second will be delivered in 2013. The new vessel has improved network-centric communications, combat systems and sensors. Construction of the first vessel began in August 2007.
Two U212 submarines have been built by Fincantieri for the Italian Navy. The first, S526 Salvatore Todaro, was launched in November 2003 and was commissioned in June 2005. The second, Scire, was launched in December 2004 and was commissioned in February 2007.
In August 2008, the Italian Government placed an order for an additional two submarines of the class for delivery in 2015 and 2016.
Israel's Navy ordered six Dolphin Class U212 Submarines, of which three have been delivered and two more will be delivered by 2014. The sixth submarine was ordered in May 2011.
Command and weapons control system on the U212 submarine
The type 212 is equipped with a highly integrated command and weapons control system which interfaces with sensors, weapons and navigation systems.
The system is based on a high-performance databus and a distributed computer system, the basic command and weapons control system (basic CWCS) supplied by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace of Norway under the trade name MSI-90U.
The second batch of two vessels for the German Navy will be fitted with the Callisto B submarine communication system supplied by Gabler Maschinenbau.
Torpedo firing capabilities and electronic countermeasure systems onboard
"In August 2008, the Italian Government placed an order for an additional two submarines of the class for delivery in 2015 and 2016."
There are six torpedo tubes in two groups of three. Type 212 is equipped with a water ram expulsion system for torpedo launches. The submarine is equipped with the DM2A4 heavyweight torpedo weapon system from Atlas Elektronik.
U33 of the German Navy is the platform for a series of flight tests of the fibre-optic-guided IDAS submarine-launched missile, being developed by Diehl BGT Defence, HDW and Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace. In June 2008, the IDAS missile, designed to protect against anti-submarine helicopters, was successfully launched from the torpedo tubes of the submerged U33 submarine.
EADS Systems & Defence Electronics and Thales Defence were awarded a contract to develop the FL1800U electronic warfare system for U212 submarines of the navies of Germany and Italy. The 1800U is a submarine version of the FL1800 S-II which is in service on the Brandenburg and Bremen Class frigates.
A consortium led by ATLAS Elektronik and ELAC were responsible for the development of the TAU 2000 torpedo countermeasures system. TAU 2000 has four launch containers, each with up to ten discharge tubes equipped with effectors.
The effectors are small underwater vehicles, similar in appearance to a torpedo. They are jammers and decoys with hydrophones and acoustic emitters. Multiple effectors are deployed in order to counter torpedoes in re-attack mode.
Integrated DBQS sonar system and sensors on the Type 212 submarine
The submarine is equipped with an integrated DBQS sonar system which has: a cylindrical array for passive medium-frequency detection, a TAS-3 low-frequency towed array sonar, FAS-3 flank array sonar for low / medium-frequency detection, passive ranging sonar and a hostile sonar intercept system. The active high-frequency mine detection sonar is the Atlas Elektronik MOA 3070.
The search periscope is the Zeiss Optronik SERO 14 with optical rangefinder, thermal imager and global positioning system. The Zeiss SERO 15 attack periscope is equipped with a laser rangefinder.
The propulsion system combines a conventional system consisting of a diesel generator with a lead acid battery and an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system, used for silent slow cruising, with a fuel cell equipped with oxygen and hydrogen storage. The system consists of nine PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cells, providing between 30kW and 50kW each.
For higher speeds, a connection is made to the high-performance lead acid battery. An MTU 16V-396 diesel engine powers the generator from Piller GmbH for charging the battery installed on the lower of the two decks at the forward section of the submarine.
The diesel generator plant is mounted on a swinging deck platform with double elastic mounts for noise and vibration isolation. The propeller motor is directly coupled to the seven-bladed screwback propeller.
The Type 214 Submarine is being built by Kockums and HDW and will use two AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) systems - Fuel Cell and Stirling. Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Portugal and South Korea plan to use various derivatives of the Type 214.
The Type 214 submarines are equipped with air independent propulsion (AIP) and flank array sonar (FAS). AIP can extend the underwater operation period of the diesel-powered submarines to five to six times longer than that of conventional submarines. For military applications, the advantages of an extremely quiet power source confer great tactical benefits and the current disadvantages of relatively low output compared to its size and weight mean that the first large units are in underwater systems.
The latest additions to the German shipbuilder HDW's highly successful Type 209 family of submarines, the Type 212 (ordered by Germany and Italy), the Type 214 (ordered by Greece), and the Type 800, are all fuel cell powered. A submarine that uses fuel cells rather than a diesel engine to recharge its batteries produces much less sound while doing so, and consequently the effective detection range of many of the current passive acoustic sonobuoys is reduced.
PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel cells are known for their efficient conversion of hydrogen (as fuel) and oxygen into electrical energy. Optimised for the specific requirements in submarines they are the key component for the generation of electrical energy in future conventional submarines with increased operational range during silent run built by the shipyard HDW. Siemens developed and manufactured two different types of PEM fuel cell modules, one type for the German and Italian U 212 submarines and the other one for the U214 submarine respectively, as they will be used by the Hellenic and the South Korean navy.
The Hellenic Navy (HN) embarked on a new construction submarine program, and contracted with the German firm for the Type 214 submarine. In October 1998, the government announced its decision to procure up to four Type 214 SSKs. Its eight Glavkos-class SSKs remain operational. In February 2000 the Skaramangas Shipyards signed an agreement with Ferrostaal Essen and HDW Kiel for the building of three Type 214 submarines, with an option for the construction of one more. The total cost of the contract for the submarines comes to 430 billion drachmas, with offset benefits for Greek industries amounting to some 76 billion drachmas, or 19 percent of the contract. Work began on the first submarine at the Kiel shipyard 12 months later, with a delivery date of 60 months. The second sub was to be delivered in 85 months' time. The first Type 214 submarine was set for delivery to Greece in 2005.
As part of the overall program, the HN has a requirement for a heavyweight torpedo. A team of USN and Raytheon personnel visited Greece in November 2000 to brief the MK 48 MOD 6 ADCAP and the possibility for a more economical commercial alternative. A USN position on this alternative solution (the MK48 MOD6AT) was staffed in the submarine community. The alternative would become a team effort, led by Raytheon, with participation by Northrup Grumman and the USN. The main Greek opposition New Democracy party (ND) accused the government of non-transparent practices in awarding the submarine contracts.
In early November 2000 the ROK Defense Ministry picked the German firm Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) and its Type 214 submarine as the foreign contractor for the next-generation "KSS-II" submarine project to supply three 1,800 ton-class submarines to the Navy by 2009. South Korea selected the German company's Type 214 submarine over the French Scorpene submarine because the Germans offered a better price and parts supply. The South Korean Government had abandoned plans to acquire three Kilo-Class 636 second-hand submarines from Russia, as part-payment for an outstanding loan of $1.75 billion. Valuing the submarines at $1.1 billion after inspection, the Korean team concluded the boats did not meet quality requirements.
In late November 2000 the ROK Defense Ministry selected Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. (HHI) for the 1.27 trillion-won ($1.12 billion) project to build submarines with the German firm's technology and design. Hyundai Heavy, a shipbuilding arm of the giant Hyundai Group, outbid rival Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Ltd. to team up with HDW. Hyundai Heavy won the contract as it offered lower prices and was in better financial shape than Daewoo Shipbuilding. Daewoo Shipbuilding had enjoyed a virtual monopoly in the South Korean submarine industry until early 1999, when the Defense Ministry allowed Hyundai to participate in the KSS-II submarine project.
By acquiring technology from foreign contractors, the ROK Defense Ministry had hoped to design its own submarines by 2010.
A pair of new portugese Class Type U-209PN were delivered by TKMS Kiel to the Portugese navy in 2009-2010. The submarines have a combined diesel-electric and fuel cell propulsion system. Equipped with ultra-modern sensors and an integrated Command and Weapon Control System, it is optimally suited to its future reconnaissance and surveillance tasks. The contract for the two submarines was signed in 2004 between the Portuguese State and the German Submarine Consortium (GSC).
As of 2011 a total of 22 Type 214 submarines had been contracted: 02 Portugal, 04 Greece, 10 South Korea, 06 Turkey
Les sous-marins de la classe 209, sont fabriqués depuis la fin des années 1960 en Allemagne exclusivement pour l'exportation. Au cours des 40 dernières années, ils ont été maintes fois adapté à l'état de la technique, de sorte que les sous-marins, qui sont actuellement en cours de construction, peuvet être comptés parmi les SM les plus modernes. Jusqu'à présent, plus de 60 SM de cette classe ont été construites pour douze pays.
Historique
Dans les années 1970, pour la premiere fois dans le monde depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, de nouveau, petits sous-marins fûrent développés. A cette époque, il y avait déjà des sous-marins d´attaque, qui avaient été développés pour la haute mer. Bien que disponisbles sur le marché internationale , les français Daphne classe , le British classe Oberon et le Soviet Foxtrot-classe , mais pour les petits États ils etaient trop grands , trop lourds et inadaptés pour la défense côtière simple.
Le chemin pris par le ministère de la Défense de la République fédérale d'Allemagne avec la classe 209 était bien différent. La marine allemande voyait ses tâches en particulier dans la protection des côtes et de la protection des eaux peu profondes de la mer du Nord et Est et avait déjà acquis une certaine expérience avec la classe 206. La classe 209 devrait combiner les avantages des sous-marins legers à propulsion électrique silencieux avec un armement lance-torpilles puissant .
Le sous-marin argentin "San Luis" (type 209/1200) a tiré pendant la guerre des Malouines huit torpilles d'environ 7000 pieds (inclus quatre SST-4 filo-guidé allemands) sur le porte-avions anglais "Invincible" et ses navires d'escorte. Par erreur de l'équipage dans la connexion des câbles de controle les tirs resterent sans succès,mais le fait de tirer de cette distance sur un groupe aeronaval fut en soi un exploit.
Armement
les sous-marins de calsse typ 209 sont équipés en série de huit tubes lance-torpilles 533-mm et peut transporter un total de 14 torpilles.
Les SM de la Grèce , la Corée du Sud et la Turquie peuvent être equipés avec des missiles Harpoon, qui sont tirés par les tubes. les SM Sud-coréens eux peuvent transporter en interne 28 mines au lieu des torpilles, tandis que les SM de l'Inde peuvent transporter 24 Mines externes. Le type de torpille peut varier selon les pays.
Variantes
Jusqu'à présent, les SM ont été construits dans les sous-classes suivantes:
Type 209/1100 Type 209/1200 Type 209/1300 Type 209/1400 Type 209/1400 mod Type 209/1500
Les unités U-209PN de la marine portugaise appartiennent à la classe 214. par le temps , diverses modifications ont été apportées ala classe, ce qui entraîne un grand nombre de variantes.
Thomson-classe (type 209/1300) La Thomson-classe de la marine chilienne a reçu une trappe d'évacuation dans la salle- des torpilles et du moteur et au pont intermédiaire. Ils ont également reçu des périscopes et schnorchels plus hauts pour les opérations en profondeur de l'Atlantique .
Tikuna classe (type 209/1400 modifié) La classe brésilien Tikuna, un type 209/1400 modifié , a été prolongée de 0,85 m. En outre, des générateurs diesel et autres batteries ameliorés et d´autres électronique et capteurs améliorés ont été installés
Shishumar classe (type 209/1500) Les quatre SM Indiens de la class Shishumar ont été équipés d'un module de secours, de sorte que l'équipage peut être alimenté en oxygène pendant huit heures.
Caracteristiques techniques:
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Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24819 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
J'ai déjà essayé de présenter, dans des anciens posts, l'historique de l'exploitation des submersibles par quelques pays utilisant aujourd'hui le Type-209, dont un sur l'Argentine, ou j'ai parlé brièvement de l'engagement de SM argentins durant la guerre de 1982. Je pense que c'était la seule et unique engagement navale d'un U209 dans un terrain de combat réel .. en effet, durant la première semaine de Mai, l'ARA San Luis lance une attaque, à moins de 10Km, sur GAN de l'Invincible, l'Attaque visait le HMS Yarmouth et le HMS Brillant ( aujourd'hui en service chez le Brésil ). Le 10 Mai le SM a lancé une attaque contre le HMS Alacrity et le HMS Arrow qu'a connu le même sort de la première pour la raison cité dans l'article de Yakusa. Mais, il faut mettre les choses dans leurs contextes ... L'ARA venait de perdre le second SM qui se trouvait en service au début de la guerre, après un travail héroïque au champs de bataille, ainsi que le torpillage du croiseur General Belgrano qui représente à lui seul la moitié des pertes humaines de l'Argentine durant cette guerre, ceci a négativement influencé le moral des troupes ... la pression monte quand on sait que les argentins ont laissé seul l'ARA SL sur le champs de bataille en choisissant de garder les unités de surface aux quais. Compte tenu de ces éléments je considère personnellement le travail de l'équipage comme un un travail courageux et héroïque, surtout qu'ils ont su laisser toute la flotte servant le trône de SM en alerte max en permanence !
Conclusion : un seul U209 face au moyens ASM très avancés des britanniques a pu survire malgré ses échecs jusqu'à son désarmement en 1997 ...
D'un autre coté, je veux souligner la caractéristique principale des SM de la famille Type-209, c'est que avec l'évolution des moyens ASM, mais aussi les technologiques propres au SM, les Type-209 étaient aptes à suivre soit par la création d'un nouveau "membre" de la famille ou par l'upgrade des unités déjà en service, sans que cela ne porte sur ses performances .. surtout acoustiques, et comme preuve, l'intérêt que porte les américains aux U209 de l'Amérique latine, avec qui ils multiplient les exercices ASM, surtout suite à la prolifération des SM en Asie, et la fameuse histoire du SM chinois qui a fait surface à quelques mètres du Kitty Hawk, et qui est équipé par un propulseur destiné au U209 que la Chine comptait acheter d'ailleurs, ou du moins une copie ( la chine a reçu des propulseurs allemands destinés au U209 à l'époque ou ils voulaient s'en procurer avant l'embargo ).
le Marché indonésien, étant le plus récent, montre à quelle point ce "vieux" concept peut tenir encore face aux SM de nouvelle génération ...
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Shogun Aspirant
messages : 573 Inscrit le : 22/09/2010 Localisation : Planet Earth. Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
bon reportage,ca date d´avant introduction en service. le commandant: le grand danger pour nous vient de l´air: MPA et Helicos,a 90% des cas on ne sait pas quand on est suivis
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Adam Modérateur
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