Moroccan Military Forum alias FAR-MAROC Royal Moroccan Armed Forces Royal Moroccan Navy Royal Moroccan Air Forces Forces Armées Royales Forces Royales Air Marine Royale Marocaine |
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| Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces | |
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+30jf16 al_bundy klan farewell PGM ready lida atlas Gémini Nano thierrytigerfan GlaivedeSion FAMAS MAATAWI Proton Yakuza reese Fremo Mr.Jad Cherokee TooNs rafi Leo Africanus Extreme28 Northrop Viper Fahed64 Samyadams Fox-One Seguleh I 34 participants | |
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Invité Invité
| Sujet: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Mer 26 Mar - 13:40 | |
| Rappel du premier message :L'Inde: l'autre Puissance d'Asie Les articles réguliers sur la Chine et ses avancées dans l’aéronautique civile et militaire ne doivent pas nous faire oublier que l’Asie compte d’autres puissances pour qui l’aéronautique est vitale. C’est le cas du plus grand compétiteur asiatique de la Chine : l’Inde. Ce pays-continent dispose des capacités scientifiques et industrielles pour développer comme lui ses capacités de frappe. Tout d’abord dans le domaine balistique l’Inde souhaite décupler ses capacités et sa volonté s’exprime dans les projets hautement symboliques que sont les missiles BRAHMOS et AGNI ; mais l’Inde a développé son propre chasseur, tout comme la Chine, et prépare la relève ! Grâce à l’apport technologique Russe, une joint venture a été créée entre les deux pays pour la mise au point et la commercialisation du missile de croisière BRAHMOS qui peut être de trois versions : sol-sol ou terre-mer, mer-mer ou air-mer (depuis un Su-30MKI). Une variante sous-marine est en cours de développement. Dans sa version navale, le BRAHMOS est supersonique (Mach 2, a une trajectoire rasante et une portée max de 300km (à comparer avec les capacités de l’exocet : missile subsonique Mach 0,9 et 180km de portée seulement). Récemment l’Inde a décidé d’investir 250 millions US$ pour développer une version du missile pouvant voler à Mach 5. On le voit ce missile donnera à la marine indienne et à ses forces armées en général des capacités de loin supérieures à ce que dispose toues les marines européennes et chinoise ! Le missile AGNI consiste lui en un missile balistique à capacité nucléaire (notez que le BRAHMOS pourrait être équipé lui aussi) initiale, de conception nationale. Il existe en trois versions : AGNI 1 DE 2500km de portée ; l’AGNI 2 de 3000km de portée théorique, et l’AGNI 3 (en développement) de 5000 km de portée à terme. Ces missiles représentent avec le missile de théâtre PRITHVI les vecteurs de la dissuasion nucléaire indienne. Mais l’Inde ne sera jamais une puissance aéronautique complète si elle ne développe pas son aéronautique militaire, et le dernier appel d’offre international pour acquérir un chasseur de dernière génération (9 milliards US$) pourrait bien être le dernier du genre, et voir les russes remporter le marché assez logiquement. En effet l’Inde et la Russie veulent développer en commun un chasseur de 5ème génération : c’est l’objet de l’accord signé à Moscou en octobre 2007 pour le projet PAK FA (Future Tactical Aviation Aircraft Complex). Contrairement au F-22 RAPTOR US le projet russo-indien prévoit un avion tant furtif qu’hyper manœuvrable via des tuyères mobiles développées pour le Su-27, ainsi qu’un radar et des missiles à longues portées. A noter que le radar disposera de capacité de brouillage (existant déjà sur des Mig 29 et qui pourrait exister sur le RAFALE cette information n’ayant jamais été confirmée). Le mariage entre le génie aéronautique russe et le génie électronique et informatique indien devrait donner un résultat très intéressant. Mais ce projet en commun ne signifie pas que l’Inde ne sait pas construire de chasseur de manière autonome : elle a en effet développé par elle-même le LCA (LIGHT COMBAT AIRCRAFT) . La décision de développer ce projet fut prise en 1983 pour remplacer les Mig-21 et les caractéristiques techniques sont fixées en 1990. Le projet recevra l’appui de constructeurs européens comme DASSAULT, SAAB, et BAE, et son design montre que les ingénieurs indiens se sont inspirés du mirage 2000 et du F-18 pour les entrées d’air. L’appareil sera à terme équipé d’un réacteur de conception nationale KAVERI GTX-35VS double flux de 8,5 tonnes de poussée (SNECMA SAFRAN fournissant les filtres et les régulateurs). Le radar doppler multi-cible est développé par HAL avec l’aide d’industriels étrangers, tout comme l’avionique (THOMSON-CSF aujourd’hui THALES) et une centrale inertielle fournie par l’américain HONEYWELL. L’avion sera équipé de missile russe R-73 VYMPEL et du missile de conception nationale ASTRA. Initialement prévu pour entrer en service en 1995 le LCA a fait son premier vol en 2001. Malgré le retard du projet et les difficultés de son développement, cet appareil donne aux industries indiennes des compétences et une expérience certaine au moins égale à ce que la Chine peut faire. On le voit là encore, l’Inde entend développer ses compétences pour faire face à la Chine mais aussi pour s’installer pleinement à la table des grandes puissances. Notons que la Russie s’installe comme un acteur moteur de l’essor indien dans l’aéronautique. Caractéristiques du LCA : Envergure : 8,2 mètres Longueur : 13,2 mètres Hauteur : 4,4 mètres Surface alaire : 37,5 m² Masse à vide : 5,5 tonnes Masse maximale : 12,5 tonnes Motorisation : Prototype : 1 General Electric F404-GE-F2J3 Avions de série : 1 TSEA GTX-35VS Vitesse maxi : Mach 1.6 Plafond : 15 000 mètres Rayon d'action : 1 000 km Armement fixe : 1 canon GSH-23 de 23 mm alimenté par 220 obus. Capacité carburant : 3 000 litres Facteur de charges : +9 / -3 G Charge utile : 4 tonnes L’Inde a développé une base industrielle reposant sur de nombreux acteurs, tant institutionnels que privés, lesquels sont encadrés par des instituts publics qui fédèrent leurs avancées. Ces acteurs ont en général acquis leur expérience en important en Inde des produits étrangers. Pour en savoir plus je vous renvoie sur ce site très bien fait : http://www.siatiaero.com/siatimembers.asp[img][/img] |
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Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Sam 7 Nov - 6:20 | |
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| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 8 Nov - 7:52 | |
| - Citation :
'Vikramaditya's Combat Management System
The 'Lesorub-E' CMS is installed on the Indian 'Vikramaditya' carrier (former 'Admiral Gorshkov'), now refurbished in 'Sevmash'. It's the export variant of 'Lesorub' CMS for the Russian prospective carrier project. According to the developer, NPO 'Mars', the system is designed for combat control of a ship and a task force on basis of the weapon integration into one complex and for the automation of decision making concerning force and armament engagement. Tech characteristics and technologies: 1)X-band wireless radio channel 0.95 Mbit/s;
2)Intel processors' based disposed computing system;
3)Local net - Ethernet 10/100/1000, RS-485;
4)Weapon integration standards Ethernet, MIL STD-1553B, RS-232, RS-422, RS-485;
5)Fusing of 4 information channels (radar, TV, map, targets) on each terminal; 6)Recording of all system information in real time.
- Spoiler:
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| | | FAMAS Modérateur
messages : 7470 Inscrit le : 12/09/2009 Localisation : Zone sud Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 8 Nov - 18:00 | |
| contrats en vus... - Citation :
- Indian army chief visits Israel to deepen defense ties: report
JERUSALEM, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Indian Army chief General Deepak Kapoor is in Israel for talks with senior Israeli officials amid Israeli efforts to bolster military ties and export military hardware, local daily The Jerusalem Post reported Sunday.
Kapoor, who arrived in Israel on Saturday, will hold talks with Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Chief of General Staff Gabi Ashkenazi as well as other senior Israeli officials, including Defense Minister Ehud Barak, said the report.
During his four-day visit, Kapoor will also visit the IDF's Southern Command, it added.
Israel and India enjoy close defense ties and last year Israel overtook Russia as the number-one supplier of military platforms to India, said the newspaper.
According to press reports, India is interested in working withIsrael on submarine-launched cruise missiles, ballistic missile defense systems, laser-guided systems, satellites as well as unmanned aerial vehicles. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-11/08/content_12411521.htm _________________ "La stratégie est comme l'eau qui fuit les hauteurs et qui remplit les creux" SunTzu
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| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 8 Nov - 20:14 | |
| - Citation :
- India Seeks To Bolster Transport With 10 C-17s
By vivek raghuvanshi Published: 5 Nov 2009 17:07 NEW DELHI - The Indian Defence Ministry is negotiating the purchase of C-17 heavy-lift Globemaster aircraft from the United States through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) route, say ministry sources.
India is negotiating a $1.7 billion deal to purchase 10 Boeing-made C-17 Globemasters. (Senior Airman Laura Turner / U.S. Air Force)
The U.S. Air Force flew the Globemaster in a joint air exercise between the air forces of the two countries held in India Oct. 19-23 at Agra to let the Indian military familiarize itself with the transport craft, said a senior Indian Air Force official.
India is negotiating the purchase of 10 C-17 aircraft made by U.S.-based Boeing, disregarding the Russian IL-76 transport even though the American aircraft is three times costlier, Defence Ministry sources said. The C-17's advantages include its easier handling (compared with the IL-76) and ability to operate from short and rough airstrips, added the sources. The $1.7 billion deal, likely to be finalized by early 2010, would be Boeing's second-largest deal with India since New Delhi signed a $2.1 billion agreement in January to purchase eight P-8 maritime patrol aircraft. The Indian military needs to do three things: augment its ability to quickly lift larger numbers of troops as it views possible threats on its border with China; strengthen its presence on the Pakistani border; and fight terrorism and low-intensity warfare, said a senior Defence Ministry official. India needs to triple its lift capacity, said the official. India already has contracted for six C-130J aircraft from the United States, the delivery of which is expected to begin by 2011. The Air Force's current fixed-wing transport fleet comprises 40 Russian-made IL-76 and more than 100 AN-32s, which are being upgraded by Ukraine, and the U.S.-made C-130J transport aircraft. In addition, the Indian Defence Forces are buying about 800 rotary-wing assets in the next seven years. In July, India signed a $400 million contract with Ukrainian military export agency Ukrspetsexport to upgrade 100 Soviet-built AN-32 cargo aircraft for the Indian Air Force.
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| | | GlaivedeSion General de Brigade
messages : 3887 Inscrit le : 15/07/2009 Localisation : ici et la Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Mar 10 Nov - 5:15 | |
| - FAMAS a écrit:
- contrats en vus...
- Citation :
- Indian army chief visits Israel to deepen defense ties: report
JERUSALEM, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Indian Army chief General Deepak Kapoor is in Israel for talks with senior Israeli officials amid Israeli efforts to bolster military ties and export military hardware, local daily The Jerusalem Post reported Sunday.
Kapoor, who arrived in Israel on Saturday, will hold talks with Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Chief of General Staff Gabi Ashkenazi as well as other senior Israeli officials, including Defense Minister Ehud Barak, said the report.
During his four-day visit, Kapoor will also visit the IDF's Southern Command, it added.
Israel and India enjoy close defense ties and last year Israel overtook Russia as the number-one supplier of military platforms to India, said the newspaper.
According to press reports, India is interested in working withIsrael on submarine-launched cruise missiles, ballistic missile defense systems, laser-guided systems, satellites as well as unmanned aerial vehicles. [url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-11/08/content_12411521.htm http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-11/08/content_12411521.htm[/quote[/url]] 1.1milliards de dollards pour des batteries de barak 8. | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Sam 14 Nov - 3:40 | |
| - Citation :
- Indian Army to deploy more troops along Arunachal border
India is quietly beefing up its defences along the China border in Arunachal Pradesh, even as it publicly downplays the growing diplomatic spat with Beijing over the Dalai Lama’s visit to the state.
The Indian Army will deploy its new 15,000-strong 56 Division in Arunachal, which China claims as its own, within four weeks, a senior defence official told HT, requesting anonymity.
Simultaneously, it has put out a Request for Information (RFI) for acquiring 300 lightweight tanks that can be deployed in the North East and Jammu & Kashmir.
The purpose is to leave nothing to chance, notwithstanding the show of bonhomie between Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his Chinese counterpart Wen Jiabao at their October 25 meeting in Thailand.
A second division will be deployed in Arunachal Pradesh in the next 12-18 months, the official added.
The army’s RFI states the light tanks should be capable of destroying bunkers and soft-skin vehicles up to 3,000m away and should have armour-piercing anti-tank guided missiles and anti-aircraft machine guns.
The RFI, which is in HT’s possession, also stipulates these tanks should “have protection against nuclear, chemical and biological warfare”.
In recent months, India activated three airfields along the 646 km Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China, last used during the 1962 war with China. The army and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police have also stepped up patrolling along the LAC. Source :: Hindustan Times _________________ | |
| | | Invité Invité
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Sam 14 Nov - 17:35 | |
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| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14756 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 15 Nov - 2:00 | |
| L'Inde aurait exprimé sont intérêt d'acheté un des deux nouveaux porte-avions britanique - Citation :
Porte-avions britannique : pas encore construit, déjà en vente ?
Publié le 15 novembre 2009, dernière mise à jour le 15 novembre 2009.
Un des 2 nouveaux porte-avions britanniques pourrait être vendu dans le cadre d’un plan de réduction des coûts actuellement étudié par le ministère britannique de la défense. L’Inde aurait exprimé son intérêt.
source:http://www.corlobe.tk/article16910.html | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 15 Nov - 2:48 | |
| - MAATAWI a écrit:
- L'Inde aurait exprimé sont intérêt d'acheté un des deux nouveaux porte-avions britanique
- Citation :
Porte-avions britannique : pas encore construit, déjà en vente ?
Publié le 15 novembre 2009, dernière mise à jour le 15 novembre 2009.
Un des 2 nouveaux porte-avions britanniques pourrait être vendu dans le cadre d’un plan de réduction des coûts actuellement étudié par le ministère britannique de la défense. L’Inde aurait exprimé son intérêt.
source:http://www.corlobe.tk/article16910.html Ils vont pas se contenter d'un PA d'occasion pour compléter le nombre de 5 PA je commence à avoir de ces indiens , apparament Ils veulent étre la marine N1 du Littoral Asiatique _________________ | |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14756 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 15 Nov - 3:28 | |
| Sans doute pour eux le mot crise(économique)ne leur dit rien | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 15 Nov - 5:19 | |
| On dirait que le projet du char léger Kunl DORDO n'est pas mort d'autres infos sur d'autres projets ici : http://www.drdo.com/pub/techfocus/2009/aug09.pdf _________________ | |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14756 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 15 Nov - 9:48 | |
| - Citation :
Le mauvais temps retarde les essais officiels du sous-marin Nerpa
Publié le 15 novembre 2009, dernière mise à jour le 15 novembre 2009.
En raison de mauvaises conditions météorologiques, les essais officiels du sous-marin nucléaire d’attaque russe Nerpa, qui doit ensuite être loué à l’Inde, ont été retardés d’une semaine.
Selon le précédent calendrier, le Nerpa, actuellement amarré à Bolshoi Kamen, devait commencer ce dimanche 2 semaines d’essais officiels, en vue de sa location à l’Inde à partir de mars prochain. "Il y a de mauvaises conditions météo à Bolshoi Kamen. Le sous-marin sortira du bassin d’ici 5 à 6 jours, mais le calendrier de livraison défini auparavant ne sera pas affecté," a déclaré le directeur général du chantier Amur, Nikolai Povzyk. Il a expliqué que les derniers réglages des systèmes du Nerpa étaient actuellement en cours source:http://www.corlobe.tk/article16912.html | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Mar 17 Nov - 6:22 | |
| La Veille Dame féte ces 50 de service mercredi prochain... - Citation :
Le seul porte-avions indien fêtera mercredi ses ... 50 ans
Le seul et unique porte-avions de la marine indienne, l’INS Viraat, comptera mercredi prochain 50 années de service, a annoncé lundi un responsable indien.
“Le chef de la marine indienne, l’amiral Nirmal Verma sera mardi à Mumbai. Il sera à bord du porte-avions mercredi”, a indiqué un responsable. L’INS Viraat, qui a un équipage de 1.500 marins, vient d’être modernisé et remis en état aux chantiers Cochin Shipyard Ltd, où il est resté en cale sèche toute l’année dernière. La durée de vie opérationnelle du porte-avions a ainsi été prolongée jusqu’en 2015. Le porte-avions INS Viraat est un ancien porte-avions britannique, classe Centaur, qui avait été admis au service actif dans la Royal Navy le 18 novembre 1959 sous le nom de HMS Hermes. La marine indienne l’a acheté en 1987. Selon le responsable indien, le porte-avions a reçu au cours de sa modernisation de nouveaux équipements de contrôle de tir, des radars de navigation, une protection NBC (nucléaire, bactériologique et chimique) améliorée et une assistance à l’appontage. Le porte-avions donne un avantage à la marine indienne sur la marine chinoise, qui n’en a pas. Le second porte-avions de la marine indienne, l’Admiral Gorshkov de construction russe, devrait être mis en service en 2012. Sify _________________ | |
| | | reese Colonel
messages : 1646 Inscrit le : 10/05/2009 Localisation : alger Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Mar 17 Nov - 11:55 | |
| - Citation :
- India's UAV Demonstrator Crashes During Trials
NEW DELHI - In a setback to India's indigenous long-range endurance UAV program, a technology demonstrator of the Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance (MALE) UAV, named Rustom, crashed during the first trials Nov. 16.
Sources in India's defense research agency, the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), said scientists from Israeli had helped engineers from the Aeronautical Developmental Establishment, DRDO's Bangalore-based UAV laboratory, to build Rustom.
"First flight of the technology demonstrator for MALE UAV called Rustom-I took place on 16-11-2009 at the Taneja Aerospace Air Field near Hosur. The taxiing and takeoff was exactly as planned. Due to misjudgment of altitude of the flight, the on-board engine was switched off through ground command which made the on-board thrust developed to go to zero," said the official Nov. 17 DRDO news release.
In a departure from traditional practice, Rustom will be produced in partnership with a domestic defense firm. Talks to select the partner, which include the Tata Group, L&T and Godrej & Boyce, are likely to be concluded by year's end, said DRDO scientists.
DRDO officials said the crash would not scrap the Rustom project.
"There are a lot of gains from the flight. The flight proved the functioning of number of systems such as aerodynamics, redundant flight control, engine, redundant data link etc which go a long way toward development of complex UAVs," the news release said.
The Rustom would be equipped for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance; communication and data relay; and scientific and meteorological operations. It will be able to operate in all climates, day or night; have autonomous takeoff and landing from a runway; be capable of carrying guided weapons; have a payload capacity of 250-500 kilograms; and have a low radar and acoustic signature.
The Rustom will be able to remain aloft for more than 24 hours and have a range of 300 kilometers and a maximum altitude of 35,000 feet. It will be able to use satellite links to transmit data, thereby extending its surveillance range beyond 1,000 kilometers.
The 1,100-kilogram UAV also will be equipped with a maritime patrol radar and electro-optic sensors from Israel, and an engine still to be determined. The electronic warfare and communication system will be indigenous.
http://www.defensenews.com/story.php...12&c=ASI&s=AIR
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| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Sam 21 Nov - 16:26 | |
| ces indiens ... cherchent une place privéligiée dans le conceil des leaders of the world du XXI éme siécle - Citation :
Indian Air Force makes available Su-30MKI for flight trails of Astra BVRAAM With the Indian Air Force (IAF) conducting a captive flight trial of the indigenously developed Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air missile (BVRAAM), the Defence Research & Development Organisation’s (DRDO) ambition to indigenously develop missiles for India has got yet another boost. According to Akshay Kumar of the India-based online news service 8ak, project director of the Astra programme S. Gollakota has said that the IAF had made available the Russian manufactured Sukhoi Su-30MKI for the trials. It has also been reported that the missile had been subjected to pressures of 7Gs at supersonic speed during the test.
The fully developed Mark–II active, radar homing Astra will lock-on and shoot down enemy aircraft about 80 kilometres away. Currently under development is a 44 kilometre range Mark-I version. The Astra, with its design altitude of 15km, has the capability to evade radar.
The missile initially will be developed to arm the front line Su-30 fighter aircraft apart from the indigenously developed LCA – Tejas.
Over the years India has developed numerous new missiles to bolster its attack and retaliatory capabilities. Earlier this year, the 700 kilometre range nuclear-capable submarine- launched ballistic missile (SLBM) Sagarika was tested. Other indigenously built missiles to be tested by India this year are the 350 kilometre range Prithvi, 3,500 kilometre range Agni 3 and the jointly Russia-India developed supersonic missile BrahMos.
These missiles are being developed under the aggressive Integrated Guided Missiles Program (IGMP) launched in 1983 by India to develop futuristic missiles technology based on hypersonic rockets to provide a potent weapon to the armed forces in order to enhance national security.
If one studies the progress of IGMP, no one will have any doubts regarding the advancement India has made over the years in development of missiles technology. The program underlines India's capability to attain self-reliance and present a deterrent from a hostile attack. However, Pakistan claims that India is lagging behind them in missile technology.
Def Pro _________________ | |
| | | Invité Invité
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Sam 21 Nov - 17:07 | |
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| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24818 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces Dim 22 Nov - 16:57 | |
| - Citation :
- IAF orders more Tejas LCAs to replace MiG-21s
The Indian Air Force is taking a crucial step towards accepting the indigenous Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) as a replacement for its ageing MiG-21 fighters. Senior air force officers told Business Standard that IAF was ordering a second Tejas squadron (20 aircraft), in addition to the 20 fighters already on order.
Ashok Nayak, chairman of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, which will manufacture the Tejas, has confirmed this development. “The Ministry of Defence (MoD) tender for 20 additional Tejas fighters is on track,” he told Business Standard. “After it is issued, we will sit down with MoD and negotiate a price.”
The order for a second squadron is a vital expression of IAF’s confidence in the future of the long-running Tejas programme. So far, IAF had insisted on evaluating the performance of the first squadron before ordering a second, by 2015-2016. That would allow the Tejas to be upgraded to the Tejas Mark II, which would have a new, more powerful engine. But now, with its fighter fleet dwindling, as the old MiG-21s are retired, IAF is taking the Tejas as it is.
“The Tejas, even with its current GE-404 engine, is a better fighter than the MiG-21,” explained a senior IAF officer who is familiar with equipment policy. “By 2015, the first Tejas squadron will be ready for IAF. HAL’s assembly line will be free; while the Tejas Mark II finishes testing, HAL can build a second squadron with the GE-404 engine,” he added.
So far, the plan was to produce 12 twin-seater Tejas trainers after the first squadron was built. The new order will be for 18 single-seater and 2 twin-seater Tejas: exactly what equips a fighter squadron.
Here’s why IAF urgently needs that second squadron: Against a sanctioned requirement of 39.5 squadrons (each squadron has 21 fighters), IAF is now down to just 32 squadrons. By 2015, another six squadrons of MiG-21s and two squadrons of MiG-27s would have finished their service lives. Meanwhile, HAL is manufacturing Sukhoi-30MKIs, but the current production is just 14 per year. The mathematics is clear: By 2015, IAF will have just 29 squadrons of fighters.
Making this shortfall even more worrisome is the new requirement of five IAF squadrons for north-east India, as a result of an increased threat assessment from China. Senior IAF officers have recently declared that India actually needs 45 squadrons.
In this context, IAF cannot wait to induct the Tejas as the next light fighter, a role that the MiG-21 has long performed. Medium fighters are as urgently needed, and IAF is currently evaluating six aircraft for this role. But the new Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA), even if the contract is placed expeditiously, is unlikely to enter service before 2015-16. Only in the heavy fighter segment is IAF well placed, with the superlative Sukhoi-30MKI steadily joining the fleet.
The Tejas is currently undergoing weapon trials to obtain its Initial Operational Clearance, most likely by early 2011. Then starts the two-year process for obtaining Final Operational Clearance, after which it can enter service in early 2013. Then, if HAL can deliver 10 Tejas fighters per year, the first squadron will be ready by the end of 2014. And, if all of that goes smoothly, the second Tejas squadron will join IAF by the end of 2016.
IAF has decided that No 45 Squadron, which operated MiG-21M fighters until they were recently retired, will be the first Tejas squadron. It will be based in Sulur, near Coimbatore. It is still not clear where the second Tejas squadron will be based. Business Standard - Citation :
- Night launch for N-capable Agni-II today
NEW DELHI: India is all set to test its 2,000-km-plus Agni-II missile from the Wheeler Island off Orissa coast again on Monday.
Significantly, the nuclear-capable missile will be launched for the first time during night in a major step towards making it fully operational in the Strategic Forces Command (SFC).
Defence officials said Agni-II’s ‘user training trial’ was likely to be conducted around 8pm on Monday to give the necessary confidence to the armed forces that the two-stage, solid-fuelled missile can be fired whenever required. Incidentally, DRDO is also working on MIRV (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles) technology for the Agni series of ballistic missiles. An ‘MIRVed’ missile can carry a bunch of nuclear warheads in a single payload, each of which can hit different targets along separate trajectories.
Such missiles can conceivably overwhelm even robust ballistic missile defences of an enemy. MIRV technology is considered important for a country like India, which has a clear no first-use nuclear doctrine but warns that nuclear retaliation to an enemy first-strike will be ‘massive and designed to inflict unacceptable damage’.
Pakistan, with the active help of China and North Korea, has surged ahead of India in the missile arena. Some US nuclear experts recently estimated that Pakistan has more nuclear warheads than India. As per their estimates, it has 70-90 warheads compared to 60-80 of India.
China is in a different league altogether, brandishing as it does ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles) like Dong Feng-31A (11,200-km range) and SLBMs (submarine-launched ballistic missiles) like JL-2 (7,200-km range). But coming back to the Agni-II test, it will take place only if all the pre-launch final checks go smoothly as planned on Monday. The missile, which is around 20-metre tall and weighs 17 tonnes, was earlier to be tested on November 6 but it was called off at the last moment due to some glitches.
Even Agni-II’s last test on May 19 was not fully successful. Consequently, the only ballistic missiles which can be said to be “100% operational” at present are the short-range Prithvi missile (150-350 km) and, to a certain extent, the 700-km-range Agni-I. The fourth test of 3,500-km Agni-III, which will give India the strategic capability to hit targets deep inside China once it becomes fully operational by around 2012, will take place early next year.
India’s most ambitious strategic missile Agni-V will be ready for its first test only in end-2010 or early-2011. With a proposed range of 5,000-km, Agni-V will have near ICBM capabilities (strike range in excess of 5,500-km) and give India’s “dissuasive deterrence posture” against China some much-needed muscle. Times Of India _________________ | |
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| A COMPARISON OF DELHI & SOVREMENNY DESTROYERSBy Mazumdar Mrityunjoy - Citation :
- Given that the Chinese PLAN (People's Liberation Army Navy) is in the process of acquiring 2 Sovremenny Class destroyers from Russia with plans to license build more, it is timely to compare the vessel with India's Delhi Class destroyer. Both ships represent a significant gain in qualitative terms for their respective navies, more so for for the PLAN as their ships are not exactly comparable to IN (Indian Navy) ships. At the present time, it can be argued that the IN does possess a distinct advantage in the Indian Ocean, but this will change dramatically once large scale induction of the P956 vessels begins in the PLAN. The Delhi Class (P15) destroyer program was originally scheduled for 6 units but this has been scaled back to 3 units (4 possibly) in favor of the much improved Project 17 (P17) Frigate.
Even though the IN is going ahead with the P17 FFG which is to be better equipped than the P15, and by extension, better than the Sovremenny (P956A), there is a whole new quality to quantity. The P956A and P15 classes are broadly comparable and although there are a number of similarities between the two classes, it's the differences that stand out and are worth examining. The Delhi Class is best described as a multi-role ship of Indian, Russian and Western origin with a significant ASW capability while the Sovremenny Class is intended primarily for the anti-ship role. Both vessels have a significant anti-air capability, but the Sovremenny has a minimal ASW weapons and sensor suite. The Delhi is very similar to the Sovrenemmy-II in its displacement & dimensions; 6900 tons full load, 163 meters in length, 17 meters in beam and 6.5 meters in draught vs. 7800 tons full load, 156 meters in length, 17.3 meters in beam, and a draught of 6.5 meters. The greater tonnage of the Sovremenny in accounted for, in part, by the much greater weight of it's missile armament, namely the 8 SS-N-22 Sunburn AShMs. The Delhi has a CODAG (Combined Diesel & Gas Turbine) propulsion system while the Sovremenny has a steam turbine propulsion system. Advantages of a CODAG system is that it permits very rapid start up from the rest and also offers superior acceleration and performance. Both vessels use two shafts. Top speed for both ships is identical at about 33-35 knots. The crew sizes are decidedly larger for the Delhi (360-420) vs. 300-370 for the Sovremenny. This generally follows the Indian Navy trend for excessive manning levels. The most visible differences between the ships are in the main gun and missile armament along with the electronics. The Sovremenny carries eight of the very potent SS-N-22 Sunburn supersonic AShMs and 2 twin 130mm (AK-130) DP guns while the Delhi has sixteen Kh-35 Urans (IN Designation 3M60 and NATO Designation: SS-N-25 Switchblade) subsonic AShMs and a 100mm (AK-100) DP gun. The gun systems on both vessels are controlled by the MR-184/184M (NATO Designation: Kite Screech) fire control radar and the whole fire-control system may be referred to as MR 218 Lev. Also the torpedo armament is slightly different: on the Delhi, a 533mm quintuple launcher is mounted amid ships between the two funnels (as in the Kashin Class) while the Sovremenny has two twin 533mm mounts on either side. It is possible that the SS-N-15 ASW rocket (carrying a torpedo) with a range of about 50km can be launched from the Delhi. It is also very likely that the 533mm version of the newer SS-N-16 is carried by the Delhi. Also the Delhi carries 2 Sea King helicopters while the Sovremenny carries one Ka-27 helicopter primarily for OTH (over the horizon) targeting duties for it's SS-N-22 missiles. The SS-N-22 Sunburn is an extremely potent AShM. It's supersonic speed (Mach 3), combined with it's sea-skimming mode, gives it a maximum range of 160km. It continuously adjusts its altitude and uses combined active-passive radar guidance and is almost impossible to jam. When it approaches the target, it automatically goes into a series of sharp S-shaped maneuvers, with overload as much as 15 G, in order to disable the enemy's interception. It is possible that the current generation of air defense missiles and anti-missile CIWS artillery would be futile in the face of such a missile, primarily because of very limited detection (and subsequent reaction) times. Also, it has been argued that even if the incoming missile was blown up or damaged by the last ditch CIWS gun systems, the oncoming debris would cause substantial damage to the ship. The Kh-35 Uran sea-skimmer is a much smaller missile with a maximum range of about 130 km and is comparable to the Harpoon. The Delhi will embark a SS-N-22 variant, called the Koral, once it enters service. This would represent a very significant shift in the Delhi's capabilities thus bringing them much more in line with the PLAN's Sovremenny. For now, however, it remains a question of how effective a salvo of 16 subsonic anti-ship missiles will be against a salvo of 8 supersonic anti-ship missiles missiles. It should be borne in mind that during the Gulf War, a few subsonic OSA (P15/P20) based Chinese derivatives such as Silkworms were shot down by Sea Darts fired by Royal Navy (RN) vessels. But then again, these are fairly primitive missiles insofar as their guidance systems are concerned. The main gun armament on the Sovremenny far outclasses the Delhi. There is redundancy in having two turrets, and the Sovremenny can bring to bear a much greater tonnage of firepower at much greater ranges. For the Delhi, with its single 100mm gun, this can be a disadvantage in combat especially when the gun is damaged. However, some Western navies also have ships with just one main gun such as the RN (and a lot of the IN's thinking is from the RN) although the USN generally has 2 main guns on it's destroyer sized ships. So this comes down to a question of differing tactical philosophies. The other significant difference is in the ASW capabilities. One can safely surmise that the sonar systems on the Delhi class are far superior to anything the Russians have on a Sovremenny. The APSOH hull mounted sonar and the HUMVAAD VDS sonar are based on Western and indigenous technology, which, in combination, with the 2 Sea King ASW helos offer a potent ASW capability. Of course, the Sea Kings are also configured for ASh role with Sea Eagle AShM. One may also surmise that the Sea King will be used for OTH targeting for the SS-N-25. It is possible that the Chinese would upgrade the sonar systems on the Sovremenny with French systems although the limitation then would still be the single Kamov helicopter which is inferior to the Sea King. In terms of electronics, the Delhi has a Half Plate (MR-755 M2 Fregat) air/surface search radar, and not a Top Plate (MR 760) as reported earlier, while the Sovremenny has a Top Plate. The Top Plate is probably superior to the Half Plate. The Delhi also has the RALW, which is a derivative of the Dutch LW08 air search radar, and once again, one may surmise that this is superior to the Sovremenny. The Delhi also has a version of the Italian INS-3 electronic warfare suite, which possibly controls the 2 Russian PK-2 chaff launchers. The combat data systems are also different as the Delhi uses a combination of Italian (IPN-10) and Russian equipment in it's combat data system. The Sovremenny possibly has a so-called "2nd captain" automated command & control system that directs the weapons and sensors. It is possible that the Delhi's combat data system is more integrated than a Sovremenny. There are major similarities in the air defense systems and the CIWS and to a lesser extent, in the ASW rocket launchers. Both vessels use the SA-N-17 Grizzly SAM system, and also the AK-630 CIWS with the MR-123 Vympel fire-control radars. There are 2 ASW rocket launcher systems on both ships although the Delhi uses as RBU-6000 system as opposed to a RBU-1000 system in the Sovremenny. Both use the SA-N-17 (Russian Navy internal designation - 9M38M2) semi-active radar guidance intermediate-range air defense missiles which are based on the SA-N-7 (9M38) missile. A total of 48 missiles are carried in two single arm launchers. It is similar to the U.S. 'Standard' ship-to-air missiles and is considered one of the world's most effective intermediate-range ship-to-air missiles today and has a maximum range of 50 km. This provides good medium range cover, but the latest versions of the 'Standard' missiles have a maximum range in excess of 100km. The single arm launchers possibly restricts the rate of fire in comparison to a vertical launch system. As installed on the Sovremenny Class, this missile system can simultaneously resist six anti-ship missiles and aircraft in all weather conditions. It has strong viability, is simple to operate, and is equipped with two photoelectric sights for use under strong electronic jamming. This missile system can also track 75 targets simultaneously, aim at 15 of them, and attack six of them using six MR 90 Orekh (NATO Codename: Front Dome) trackers. This is with a Top Plate radar. Presumably, the performance is somewhat degraded with the Half Plate radar on the Delhi. It has an extremely powerful anti-jamming capability and is able to operate reliably within an extremely harsh electronic warfare (EW) environment. This missile system has the capability of intercepting anti-ship missiles wave-hopping at minimum altitude from a distance of 12-3.5 km. This capability is rare in the world and is something that the U.S. 'Standard' ship-to-air missiles still do not have even to this day. The SA-N-17 is 5.76 meters long, 0.4m in diameter, a wingspan of 0.86m and a total weight of about 700 kg. The warhead weighs 70 kg, maximum speed Mach 3, maximum overload 20G, and the system response time is less than 16 seconds. When two missiles are fired at the same time, the fragmentation probability against aircraft is greater than 0.96 and against missiles, greater than 0.86. It has an attack height of 5 - 22,000 meters, a maximum firing range of 38 km, and is capable of intercepting targets flying at a high speed of Mach 2.4. The improved electronic system gives it a greater anti-jamming capability and shorter system response time compared to the SA-N-17. Future units of the P15 class will no doubt have the indigenous Akash SAM. The AK-630 CIWS is standard on both ships but the location of the mounts are different. On the Delhi, the CIWS is paired amidships in an arrangement that is identical to the Kashin's while on the Sovremenny, the CIWS mounts are located by the bridge and also amidships. This possibly provides a better firing arc coverage than the Delhi although it can be argued that the Delhi can bring to bear a greater concentration of firepower since the two CIWS mounts are so close together. These Russian systems lack a feedback loop (correcting the aim while firing) that Western systems like the Phalanx and Goalkeeper possess with their tracking radars that are integral to the CIWS mounts. But then again, these are very expensive systems in comparison to Russian systems. As always, weapons specifications boil down to money or a lack thereof and there is a constant trade-off between technology and the budget. In these situations, systems that do an adequate job are preferable to the absolute best in terms of technology. Bear in mind that superior skills are a great equalizer in combat. In conclusion, it is safe to say that the Delhi is a better ASW ship while the Sovremenny would appear to be a better ASuW ship in its current state. Of course, with the introduction of supersonic AShMs on the Delhi, the picture changes very considerably in Delhi's favour. The reader should bear in mind that both these ships are mid-1980's vintage and do not compare to ships of the Arleigh Burke or Ticonderoga classes. However, the Delhi Class ought to be a match for anything the RN or other European navies have at the present time. Insofar as countering regional threats in the near future, it would appear that the Delhi class adequately meets the IN's tactical requirements. It will be very interesting to follow developments of the Delhi Class as it unfolds. As a postcript, it has recently been reported that the IN is interested in acquiring three Sovremenny. This is, indeed, a most intriguing development! Bharat Rakshak _________________ | |
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