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| Armées du Kazakhstan | |
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+13Magreb777 annabi Inanç jf16 augusta osmali lemay juba2 Fremo lida MAATAWI Yakuza brk195 17 participants | |
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Invité Invité
| Sujet: Armées du Kazakhstan Sam 11 Sep 2010 - 2:37 | |
| -République du Kazakhstan (fr)-Қазақстан Республикасы (kk)-Qazaqstan Respublïkası (kk) http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KazakhstanLes Forces Armées Kazakhes : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_KazakhstanCitation: |
Historique
Les forces armées du Kazakhstan se sont construites sur les ruines des forces armées soviétiques du district militaire du Turkestan, stationnées au Kazakhstan, lesquelles sont officiellement dissoutes le 30 juin 1992. Le plus gros des forces du district militaire du Turkestan constituent alors le cœur de la nouvelle Armée qui acquiert toutes les unités de la 40ème Armée (ex 32ème Armée), une partie du 17ème corps d'armée, 6 divisions terrestres, les bases logistiques, les 14° et 35° brigades aériennes, 2 brigades lance-missiles, 2 régiments d'artillerie et de nombreux autres équipements retirés de la partie occidentale de l'Oural. A celle-ci s'ajoutent les forces de défense aériennes, 3 brigades de forces aériennes mobiles et les forces d'artillerie et de missiles qui ont été séparées en branche distincte depuis le 7 mai 2003. Au milieu des années 1990, les forces terrestres du Kazakhstan inclues le 1er Corps d'armée (état-major de Semipalatinsk), avec la 68e (l'ancien 372e Red Banner Novgorod Rifle Div) division d'infanterie mécanisée (Ozek Sary, dans la province de Kyzylorda), 4 divisions d'infanterie mécanisée et un régiment de chars et de la 78e Division Tank (Ayaguz). Bien que la 68e division soit une formation d'infanterie mécanisée, elle dispose de près de 600 chars et 500 véhicules blindés de combat. La 78e division blindée avait 550 chars, 390 véhicules blindés de combat et 190 pièces d'artillerie. Le 210e Centre de formation (une ancienne division d'infanterie mécanisée) comprenant 15.000 soldats et officiers et 220 chars et 220 pièces d'artillerie, était une division renforcée. (Il a été souvent appelé la Division des Gardes selon des sources kazakhes).
Organisation des Armées
Le Kazakhstan maintien des forces navales en opération sur la Mer Caspienne, avec une force de 3000 hommes équipés de 12 patrouilleurs de type Almaty (4), Dauntless(1), Guardian(5), Zhuk(2)
La carte militaire du Kazakhstan est composée de 4 zones de défense terrestres :
La zone de défense d'Astana La zone de défense Sud à Taraz La zone de défense Est à Semipalatinsk La zone de défense Ouest à Aktobe
En outre, il existe une élite militaire appelée Garde Républicaine, avec 3500 soldats (1997). Cette force fait partie de l'armée de terre. Il existe également des Commandos d'élite de l'armée, spec-ops forces de la KNB (agence de renseignement).
Développements récents
Depuis 2000, le Kazakhstan a fait rapidement croître la capacité de son armée. Beaucoup de systèmes proviennent encore de Russie, avec également un petit nombre de systèmes américains entré en service dans l'inventaire Kazakh. Le plus gros développement de l'Armée du Kazakhstan a été centré sur les unités blindées dans les dernières années. Depuis 1990, des unités blindées se sont développées pour atteindre jusqu'à 1600 blindés entre 2005 et 2008. Beaucoup d'entre eux sont hérités de l'ère soviétique. L'Armée Kazakhe s'est projetée pour la première fois hors de ses frontières en 2003, en détachant en Irak, 49 ingénieurs militaires au sein de la division multinationale du Centre-Sud, sous commandement US. Elle sort également de ses frontières afin de s'entrainer dans le cadre de manœuvres communes aux pays de l'Organisation de Coopération de Shangaï. En 2008, seul 0,9% de son PIB part en dépenses militaire (à comparer à 2,6% pour la France, 4% pour la Russie, les USA et la Chine et 2% en moyenne mondiale). Ce niveau correspond à l'esprit de neutralité que souhaite conserver le Kazakhstan (à comparer avec la Suisse 1% du PIB)
Conscription
Les citoyens âgés de 18 à 27 ans sont assujettis à la conscription. Sur les 70.000 hommes présents dans les effectifs de l'armée kazakhe, on considère qu'il y a environ 65% de militaire de carrière ou sous contrat. Un plan stratégique datant de 2007 prévoyait un passage à une armée de métier. Cependant, la crise financière et économique qui s'est installée au même moment au Kazakhstan a fait émerger le débat sur la conscription qui risque au contraire de renforcer l'ancien système de conscription afin de drainer les jeunes kazakhs sans emploi.
Composition ethnique
A l'indépendance les officiers des forces en stationnement au Kazakhstan étaient au trois quarts russes et les hommes du rang essentiellement kazakhs. Très rapidement les autorités kazakhes ont cherché à modifier la représentation ethnique en envoyant notamment dès 1994, 200 officiers kazakhs en formation dans les académies militaires russes sur les 480 officiers à former, ce qui été conforme aux vœux du président Nazarbaiev de composer une armée ethniquement équilibrée.
Formation
Il existe un Corps des cadets appelé École républicaine « Jas Oulan » qui accueille et instruit 4000 enfants dès l'âge de 12 ans. Les principales tâches de ces écoles militaires nationales consistent à dispenser un enseignement général obligatoire, inculquer les rudiments de l'éducation militaire, enseigner le respect des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales, favoriser l'épanouissement de la personnalité, des talents et des capacités physiques et intellectuelles, et préparer à une vie responsable, dans un esprit de paix, de tolérance et d'égalité. Les élèves de ces écoles ne peuvent pas être impliqués dans des conflits armés ou à de quelconques activités ou hostilités à caractère militaire. A partir de 16 ans, les élèves des écoles militaires se voient dispenser des cours théoriques sur la constitution de différents types d'armes sans qu'il y ait de manipulations pratiques. Les cadets qui le souhaitent peuvent intégrer l'armée à 18 ans s'ils le souhaitent.
Certains des officiers supérieurs de l'Armée kazakhe sont formés à l'étranger dont une bonne partie à l'académie militaire de WestPoint aux États-Unis et un officier à l'école militaire de Paris (2007-2008).
Budget Militaire
1996 KZT 8 bn max avec 120000 hommes 2001 KZT 24 bn (USD174.66m) 2002 KZT 33.7bn (USD245.25m) 2003 KZT 41.9bn (USD304.93m) - 1% GDP 2008 0,9% du PIB
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Dernière édition par khaybar le Sam 11 Sep 2010 - 2:46, édité 2 fois |
| | | Invité Invité
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Sam 11 Sep 2010 - 2:40 | |
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| | | Invité Invité
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Sam 11 Sep 2010 - 22:54 | |
| Merci bcp khaybar pour le partage. Très belle armée avec une armée de l'air nombreuse d'appareils et diversifiée en terme d'appareils bien sur. |
| | | brk195 sergent
messages : 234 Inscrit le : 29/08/2010 Localisation : Rabat Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Dim 12 Sep 2010 - 17:17 | |
| pour la premiere photo c'est un Mig-27 je crois non pas un 23 | |
| | | Invité Invité
| | | | brk195 sergent
messages : 234 Inscrit le : 29/08/2010 Localisation : Rabat Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Dim 12 Sep 2010 - 20:57 | |
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-27 "Kazakhstan MiG-27 Flogger is still in service with the Kazakh Air Force." pour comparer
Dernière édition par brk195 le Lun 13 Sep 2010 - 11:56, édité 1 fois | |
| | | Yakuza Administrateur
messages : 21656 Inscrit le : 15/09/2009 Localisation : 511 Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| | | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14757 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Lun 8 Nov 2010 - 12:26 | |
| - Citation :
Kazakhstan to Buy Retrofitted US Helicopters for Caspian Sea Defence
Kazakhstan's military will buy six retrofitted US Huey helicopters to build a naval and air presence in the Caspian Sea. The Hueys are part of a contract signed by Kazakhstan in 2007 which carried an option to retrofit six more Hueys, according to Central Asia Newswire. Kazakhstan is in need of a navy in the Caspian Sea to protect its growing petroleum-development infrastructure. The navy's main missions would be combating terrorism, piracy, smuggling and drug trafficking and conducting search and rescue operations in addition to protecting infrastructure. Kazakhstan is also building patrol boats and buying larger corvettes for the northern Caspian with help from Russian, South Korean or Dutch companies.
naval-technology | |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14757 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mer 8 Déc 2010 - 12:29 | |
| - Citation :
- Russie-Kazakhstan: Moscou livrera ses missiles S-300
La Russie livrera au Kazakhstan des systèmes de missiles S-300, les contrats sont en cours de préparation, a annoncé mercredi à RIA Novosti la porte-parole du ministère russe de la Défense, Irina Kovaltchouk. "Au cours des entretiens, les parties ont discuté de la possibilité de livrer des systèmes de missiles sol-air russes S-300 au Kazakhstan en vue de renforcer la protection de l'espace commun. Actuellement, la mise au point des contrats est en cours", a-t-elle indiqué au terme de l'entretien du ministre russe de la Défense Anatoli Serdioukov avec son homologue kazakh Adilbek Djaksibekov, actuellement en visite à Moscou.
RIA Novosti | |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14757 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mer 15 Déc 2010 - 10:59 | |
| - Citation :
- Kazakh Air Force to Receive Russian Trainer / Light Attack Aircraft
The Kazakh Air Force is to use the Yakovlev Yak-130 pilot training aircraft from early nect year, as per an agreement signed between Kazakh Defense Minister Adilbek Dzhaksybekov and his Russian counterpart, Anatoly Serdyukov. The two countries are due to sign a bilateral cooperation plan for 2011. The first flights will be for personnel to familiarise themselves with the aircraft, according to RIA Novosti. The Yakovlev Yak-130 is a subsonic two-seat advanced jet trainer / light attack aircraft developed by Yakovlev design bureau. The Yak-130 is able to replicate the characteristics of fourth-generation fighters as well as the fifth-generation Sukhoi T-50. It can also perform light attack and reconnaissance duties.
airforce-technology | |
| | | lida Colonel-Major
messages : 2195 Inscrit le : 01/11/2008 Localisation : maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mar 31 Mai 2011 - 1:39 | |
| - Citation :
- Minister of Defence of the Republic of Kazakhstan Adilbek Dzhaksybekov met with Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the Kingdom of Norway in Kazakhstan Dag Malmer Halvorsen.
During the meeting Defense Minister noted that an important role in the framework of bilateral cooperation was given to the task of modernizing the Armed Forces. Reforming the defense sector, building peacekeeping capacity remains a priority sectors.
The parties also discussed the special tactical peacekeeping exercise "Steppe Eagle", which is held annually since 2003 together with British and American soldiers. This year the exercise is scheduled for August with the participation of American, British, Kyrgyz, Tajik and Lithuanian troops. defpro | |
| | | lida Colonel-Major
messages : 2195 Inscrit le : 01/11/2008 Localisation : maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mer 29 Juin 2011 - 22:50 | |
| - Citation :
- A high-level endorsement for the new Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering joint venture
New joint venture is to assemble and support EC145s in Central Asia
An agreement formalizing the industrial and commercial scope of the Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering joint venture – which will assemble and customize EC145 helicopters at a new facility in Astana – was signed in Paris today by Eurocopter President & CEO Lutz Bertling and Bolat Smagulov, President of Kazakhstan Engineering, in the presence of French and Kazakh prime ministers François Fillon and Karim Massimov.
The accord marks an important milestone in the joint venture’s establishment, which this year plans to assemble and deliver the first six of 45 EC145s to be acquired through 2016 by the Kazakh government.
Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering also will develop local maintenance and training capabilities to support EC145 operations in the country, as well as across the new customs union zone created by Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus last summer, and throughout the entire Central Asian zone. Additionally, the organization will oversee sales activities these areas.
“This joint venture holds particular importance for Eurocopter, as it gives us a key presence in a rapidly-developing country,” Bertling said. “We foresee many new opportunities for the EC145 in this part of the world, based on the helicopter’s capacity for missions in support of the oil and gas, mining, parapublic, government and corporate sectors, and in other applications as well.”
The first six EC145s to be assembled at Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering’s facility at Astana Airport are to be utilized by Kazakhstan’s Defense Ministry and the Ministry of Emergency Situations for such operations as medical airlift and search & rescue missions.
“As the first cooperation of this magnitude between our country and any helicopter manufacturer, Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering will help develop new expertise in high-technology industries,” Smagulov stated.
The multi-mission EC145 is at the top of its class in the medium-sized, twin-engine helicopter category. Bringing together Eurocopter’s latest developments in advanced cockpit design, avionics and rotor system, this helicopter is perfectly adapted for the most demanding operational conditions, especially in the very low temperatures that can be found in Kazakhstan (certified at -45°).
defpro | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24819 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Dim 11 Sep 2011 - 19:11 | |
| 03-09-11 Mig-31 _________________ | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24819 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Dim 18 Sep 2011 - 20:23 | |
| Mig29 Kazakh en vol Mi171 SU24MR SU25UB _________________ | |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14757 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mar 1 Nov 2011 - 11:20 | |
| - Citation :
Kazakh Air Force receives upgraded Antonov plane
The Kazakh Air Force has received an upgraded Antonov An-12 military transport plane as part of its aircraft modernisation programme.
The upgraded aircraft has been fitted with a GPRS navigation system, advanced weather-detectors, an altimeter and oxygen dispensing equipment.
The Antonov An-12 aeroplane is capable of transporting 20t of freight including military equipment and can accomodate 100 military personnel.
The modernised planes will be used for the redeployment of military personnel to conflict zones, and will also ensure the battle training of military troop-carrier aviation.
Kazakh Air Force Commander Alsai Dzhumanov said, "We also have Antonov An-72 aeroplanes for the transportation of 10t of freight. In the near future, we will receive these planes after modernisation." airforce-technology | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24819 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mar 15 Nov 2011 - 18:44 | |
| _________________ | |
| | | Invité Invité
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Ven 25 Nov 2011 - 20:35 | |
| Antonov An-72-100 "UN-72580" de l'unité des gardes frontiéres. |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14757 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mar 29 Nov 2011 - 11:42 | |
| - Citation :
Eurocopter delivers the first of six EC145s ordered by the Republic of Kazakhstan
Eurocopter delivered the first of six EC145s ordered to date by the Kazakh Ministries of Defense and Emergencies. A total of 45 of the helicopters are to be purchased, and will be assembled by the new joint venture Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering, in which Eurocopter and Kazakhstan Engineering have a 50/50 share.
This initial delivery comes on the heels of the industrial cooperation and distribution contract signed last June by Eurocopter CEO Lutz Bertling and President of Kazakhstan Engineering Bolat Smagulov, in the presence of the French and Kazakh prime ministers François Fillon and Karim Massimov, respectively.
The new joint venture, Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering, will be assembling and customizing EC145s at its facilities near the Astana International Airport in Kazakhstan. The company will also enable Eurocopter to provide its customers in Kazakhstan and Central Asia with better local services for helicopter maintenance as well as training for pilots and technicians. In addition, Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering will be pursuing sales activities throughout the region. Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering is scheduled to deliver the initial six EC145s to the Kazakh Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Emergencies before the end of the year for search and rescue and medical evacuation missions. The remaining helicopters are to be delivered by the end of 2016.
“The delivery of this first EC145 is very symbolic, as it marks the beginning of operations as part of our cooperation with Kazakhstan Engineering,” said Olivier Michalon, Global Business & Services Vice President for Europe and Central Asia. “We are very proud to be part of the Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering joint venture, as it will enable us to deploy major industrial capacities in the Kazakh aviation industry and lay the groundwork for the development of a new, highly specialized sector in the country. We are also convinced that the new joint venture will place Eurocopter in an excellent position for future development locally, as we are poised to provide operators with helicopters that are particularly well suited for the oil & gas industry and parapublic missions, including emergency medical services, homeland security and patrol, military, corporate and VIP.”
The EC145 is a true standout in the twin-engine, medium-lift class. It offers multi-mission capabilities and is equipped with the latest innovations developed by Eurocopter in cockpit design, avionics and rotor systems. It is certified for flight at temperatures as low as -45°C, making it particularly well suited for the harsh weather conditions and frigid temperatures often encountered in Kazakhstan.
About Eurocopter
Established in 1992, the Franco-German-Spanish Eurocopter Group is a division of EADS, a world leader in aerospace, defense and related services. The Eurocopter Group employs approximately 17,500 people. In 2010, Eurocopter confirmed its position as the world’s number one helicopter manufacturer in the civil and parapublic market with a turnover of 4.8 billion Euros, orders for 346 new helicopters and a 49 percent market share in the civil and parapublic sectors. Overall, the Group’s helicopters account for 33 percent of the total worldwide civil and parapublic fleet. Eurocopter’s strong worldwide presence is ensured by its 30 subsidiaries and participations on five continents, along with a dense network of distributors, certified agents and maintenance centers. There are currently 11,200 Eurocopter helicopters in service and some 2,900 customers in 147 countries. Eurocopter offers the largest civil and military helicopter range in the world.
eads.com | |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14757 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Jeu 1 Mar 2012 - 19:08 | |
| - Citation :
Airbus Military Signs Contract with Kazakhstan for Two C295 Aircraft
(Photo: Airbus Military) Additional Memorandum of Understanding for another six C295 aircraft
15:12 GMT, March 1, 2012 Airbus Military has signed a firm contract with Kazspetsexport, a State Company belonging to the Ministry of Defence of Kazakhstan, to supply two C295 military transport aircraft plus the related service support package for spare parts and ground support equipment. The aircraft will be operated by the Air Forces of Kazakhstan in support of their transport missions throughout the nation’s vast territory.
Additionally, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been signed for a further six C295 aircraft, for which separate firm contracts will be signed progressively over the next few years. The first two aircraft will be delivered by April 2013 and for the remaining six aircraft a delivery schedule will be defined over the following years.
Under the terms of the MOU Airbus Military will support the Ministry of Defence over the period of delivery in transferring the required technological know-how in supporting the aircraft with the objective that the Ministry’s team will eventually take over autonomously the support of the C295.
“Airbus Military is extremely proud that the Kazakhstan Ministry of Defence has shown its confidence in our products when diversifying its supplier base and that Kazakhstan is now our first customer country within the CIS region. We will ensure that we live up to this mark of confidence and stand by our new customer for many years to come”, said Rafael Tentor, Head of Airbus Military Aircraft Programmes. “This is exactly the kind of transport capacity Kazakhstan needs for current and future missions. The capabilities of the C295, combined with its cost-efficiency, ensured that it was selected over alternative offers for the renewal of the military transport fleet of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 10 tonne payload class.”
defpro | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24819 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Mer 9 Mai 2012 - 22:59 | |
| SU-27 UB Mi-8MT _________________ | |
| | | MAATAWI Modérateur
messages : 14757 Inscrit le : 07/09/2009 Localisation : Maroc Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Ven 11 Mai 2012 - 10:30 | |
| - Citation :
The Kazakhstan government to acquire 20 multi-role Eurocopter EC725 helicopters
Kazakhstan has signed a letter of intent to acquire 20 Eurocopter EC725 helicopters, marking a major new commitment for this medium-lift rotorcraft. These aircraft, which will be assembled in Kazakhstan, will be used by the country’s Ministry of Defense in a full range of mission applications.
Astana, Kazakhstan, 10 May 2012
EC725 (Ref., DIGIT-03109, © Copyright Frédéric Lert).
The agrement, formalized at this month’s KADEX-2012 military exposition in Astana, further expands Kazakhstan’s relationship as a Eurocopter helicopter operator and industrial partner. It also provides a helicopter that is complementary to Eurocopter’s EC145, for which Kazakhstan is purchasing 45 under terms of a framework contract involving in-country assembly by the Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering 50/50 joint venture at Astana.
“With an ongoing success story based on the EC145 assembled locally in Astana, Eurocopter is proud to strengthen its strategic partnership with the Republic of Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan Engineering. Based on both a long term plan and mutual trust, our joint goal is to create a sustainable helicopter industry in Kazakhstan” said Olivier Lambert, Eurocopter’s Senior Vice President for Sales and Customer Relations. “We are confident that the unequalled versatility and operational performances of the EC725 make it the best choice to fulfill 21st century operational requirements”.
The EC725 is a member of Eurocopter’s 11-metric-ton Cougar military helicopter family. The most recent contracts have been signed with several military services including France, Brazil, Mexico, Malaysia, and recently Indonesia. Its capabilities are being clearly demonstrated by the rotorcraft’s current Afghanistan deployment with the French Forces in its Caracal version.
Designed for operations from land and ships, the multi-role EC725 is equipped with a de-icing system and is qualified for flight in cold weather conditions. Its avionics includes a four-axis autopilot, and the helicopter’s large cabin is complemented by the ability to carry a range of armament and sensors.
Thanks to all of these equipments, the EC725 will allow a large panel of missions that includes tactical transport, Search and Rescue (SAR), special operations (C.SAR), naval operations (from ships and land).
The Republic of Kazakhstan has already chosen the civil version of the EC725 (EC225) for governmental VIP transportation. eads | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24819 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Sam 12 Mai 2012 - 12:24 | |
| _________________ | |
| | | Yakuza Administrateur
messages : 21656 Inscrit le : 15/09/2009 Localisation : 511 Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Sam 12 Mai 2012 - 17:49 | |
| _________________ | |
| | | juba2 General de Division
messages : 6954 Inscrit le : 02/04/2008 Localisation : USA Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Sam 12 Mai 2012 - 21:14 | |
| yakuza pourquoi les avions russes ont toujours de la fumee noire derriere eux.ils devaient rectifier c'est tres mauvais pour la detection.je n'ai jamais pu comprendre ,peut etr le kerozene need tweaking and add on. | |
| | | Fremo Administrateur
messages : 24819 Inscrit le : 14/02/2009 Localisation : 7Seas Nationalité : Médailles de mérite :
| Sujet: Re: Armées du Kazakhstan Ven 25 Mai 2012 - 21:52 | |
| SU-27UBM Mig-29 Mig-31 Mi-8MT Mi-26 _________________ | |
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