Armée Indienne / Indian Armed Forces

Rappel du premier message :

Euh........ Typhoon pour moi .

PGM a écrit:

Selon le dernier DSI (N°82 page 23), l'attrition au sein des forces aeriennes(selon le MDN), entre 1966 et 1980, a causé la perte de 482 Mig de tous type (sur les 872 reçus), ce qui a causé la mort de 171 pilotes, 39 civiles et 8 membres de personnels au sol.


PGM

PGM le Pakistan et India sont connue pour leur defaillqnce dans le domaine des la maintenance, cela ne me choque pas.

juba2 a écrit:

PGM le Pakistan et India sont connue pour leur defaillqnce dans le domaine des la maintenance, cela ne me choque pas.

Ce n'est pas pour te contredire mais je pense que la situation au Pakistan est beaucoup moins dramatique qu'en Inde, sauf si tu as des chiffres.

L'INS Vikramaditya va commencer une série d'essais demain le 08-06.

http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=15289

Le Montant du contrat a passé de 1.5MM $ à 2.3MM ...

Citation :

INS Vikramaditya begins sea trials



INS Vikramaditya is being pushed away by tow-boats from the pier of the Sevmash shipyard to deeper waters where it will take a supply of fuel before embarking on pre-delivery sea trials. Photo Courtesy:
The newly refurbished INS Vikramaditya aircraft carrier took to the sea for the first time on Friday.

The carrier sailed out for crucial pre-delivery trials in the early hours of June 8 from the berth of the Sevmash shipyard in Russia’s northern city of Severodvinsk, where the former Soviet heavy aviation cruiser Gorshkov had been converted into a regular aircraft carrier christened Vikramaditya.

During the trials, scheduled to last 120 days, all the ship’s systems will be tested.

“The main part of the trials is testing aircraft takeoff and landing,” Sevmash chief Andrei Dyachkov told The Hindu. “The programme of tests is very tight as deck aviation can operate only from June to September in the harsh conditions of Arctic seas.”

The test flights will be carried out using two Russian aircraft, MiG-29K and MiG-35, flown by Russian pilots. Russia last year delivered to the Indian Navy 12 MiG-29K single-seaters and 4 MiG-29KUB two-seaters, which will be based on the Vikramaditya. India has ordered another batch of 29 MiG-29K deck fighters that will also provide airpower for the Vikrant aircraft carrier being built in India.

A part of the Indian crew of the Vikramaditya, who have just completed training in Russia, have joined the Russian team for the carrier’s first sea voyage; more Indian sailors will fly in from India for the trials later, bringing the total naval personnel on board to 2,700, almost double the ship’s regular crew.

If all goes well, an Indian acceptance team will board the carrier at later stages of the sea trials. Upon completion of the tests the Vikramaditya will return to port to allow finishing touches to be made before delivery in December.

“We are confident we can keep the schedule and hand over the ship to India on December 4,” Mr Dyachkov said.

thehindu

L'INS Virkramadetya quitte les chantiers pour une série d'essais en mer







La Construction de l'INS Vikrant ... avance

Citation :

Major Issues of Immediate Concern for the Indian Air Force

13:27 GMT, June 11, 2012 The Indian Air Force (IAF), like all Air Forces, is highly technology dependent. Its effectiveness stems in large part from the technological sophistication of its equipment and the levels of expertise of its personnel in equipment utilisation. Equipment sophistication and the quality of personnel dictate the efficiency and effectiveness of the IAF. After a long gap, it is currently undergoing a major modernisation process in equipment up-gradations. There are currently several issues of immediate (from the present to five years hence) concern to the IAF. A few of the more important issues are discussed below.

ACCIDENT RATE

The IAF still has one of the highest accident rates in the world. This translates into a loss of between half and one complete squadron of aircraft per year apart from aircrew losses due to injuries or fatalities. Earlier, this high accident rate was attributed to the lack of an Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT), which forms the link between trainer aircraft and fast jet fighters. However, IAF aircrew have been training on the British Aerospace Hawk AJT for at least five years now. Yet, the accident rate does not reflect a major reduction in spite of the Hawk being in service and in use. These losses are a cause for concern. [1] In early 2012, the IAF lost two Mirage-2000 aircraft within a couple of weeks of each other. [2] In 2011, a MiG-29 [3] and several other aircraft were lost, with a few pilot fatalities. That the induction of the AJT has not reduced the accident rate significantly indicates that the problem lies elsewhere.

The IAF may consider sanctioning an external audit of its functioning to identify the cause(s) of this slow attrition. It can outsource such an audit to one of the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) or to an expert body such as the L'Institut Français de Sécurité Aérienne (IFSA), Paris. An external audit may help identify areas where the IAF needs to modify its functioning in order to become more effective and to reduce wastage. This becomes important in light of the situation of there having been several internal audits on the subject of excessive accidents which, obviously, have failed to find a solution to the problem. A fresh look by an external agency may be the first step in finding an answer to this question.

MANNING LEVELS

The IAF has raised several new units in the past few decades, including new Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs), Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and new radar units, among others. These raisings have for the major part been done, for a variety of reasons, from within existing manpower resources. The result is that while Air HQ may, after perusing its data, say that there is actually no shortage of personnel in the service, field units are facing an acute manpower shortage. [4] This has been caused by most units shedding a few personnel so that the new units can be manned. A solution to this problem is for the service to insist on a revision of its overall cadre in order to ensure that all units are manned as per their authorisations. [5]

A surprising fact is that while the IAF faces a shortage of officers in all branches, there are several women officers fighting to stay on for a full service term of 20 years plus; the IAF is declining their request. The Soviet Union fielded women fighter pilots in World War II, at least five of whom became Aces (five or more air-to-air kills in aerial combat). The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has a few women flying fighters in operational units as do the Chinese. One woman pilot of the PAF was reported to have ejected safely from her F-7 fighter in the first half of 2011. The reasons for denying women entry into permanent commission in the IAF and allowing them to serve in all branches (including combat duties and fighter squadrons) may not be tenable in the medium to long run. The women who have joined in the ground duties branches and the transport and helicopter flying streams of the IAF have performed their duties as well as their male counterparts.

Another point of concern here is the large number of pilots seeking premature release from the IAF in order to seek a career in civil aviation. While pay and perks issues have been more or less looked after by the Sixth Central Pay Commission to the satisfaction of most officers, other issues of service life such as promotion avenues, frequency of postings, children’s education, etc., play a part in premature release cases. The IAF may consider looking into these issues to retain its highly-trained manpower, the release of which is accompanied by the loss of considerable man-years of irreplaceable experience. [6]

FALLING FORCE LEVELS AND BUDGET ISSUES

The IAF was authorised in the mid-1960s to build up to a 64 squadron force, including 10 transport squadrons and a heavy bomber squadron. [7] The IAF actually was able to build up to just 39.5 squadrons. With delays in induction of the LCA Tejas and the early retirement of a few types such as the MiG-23BN, MiG-21FL and MiG-21M/MF in addition to the Canberra and Hunter, the actual fighter aircraft strength has fallen to close to 32 squadrons. [8] These reduced numbers are of major concern to the IAF. It has been extending the license for building the Su-30MKI to increase these numbers to 272 while expediting the Medium Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) evaluation programme to stem the fall in available squadrons. The French Rafale has been short-listed for detailed contract negotiations in the MMRCA competition. This programme for 126 aircraft, despite licensed production of all but 18 aircraft, is still likely to cost between US $10 and 20 billion. While it was presumed a few years ago that funds for defence would not be a constraint in the future, a slowing economy has led to these funds being curtailed. The Ministry of Finance questioned the Rs. 65,000 crore earmarked for infrastructure development and raising of new mountain strike corps earlier this year, [9] while the defence budget for 2011-12 saw cuts of a few thousand crore of rupees. [10] The nominal increase in the defence budget for 2012-13 is about 17 per cent, which amounts to a real increase of just about 8 per cent after taking into consideration the inflation rate of 9 per cent. [11] The writing on the wall is clear: resource constraints are looming for the armed forces. Imports of defence equipment do not contribute to GDP growth while indigenous design and manufacture do. The IAF would do well to look at indigenous development of equipment to maintain or build up numbers. While this is in progress, retirement of in-service equipment would have to be delayed somewhat to maintain numbers at the desired levels.

TRAINING

The IAF maintains an elaborate training infrastructure. This includes basic, mid-career and advanced training. The training set-up falls short in the availability of suitably qualified staff. The instructors at even Class ‘A’ training establishments comprise graduates of the same institutes with suitable grading. These officers do not have the minimum civil qualifications of repute such as Masters degrees or
PhDs. The IAF may consider outsourcing some training to suitable civil institutes while building up a cadre of suitably qualified staff to man its training institutes. [12]

CYBER WARFARE

The IAF is increasingly becoming more networked. The Air Force Net (AFNET), an in-house Air Force wide Wide Area Network (WAN), is up and running. This has the capability to increase efficiency of the service, but it also brings with it a critical vulnerability. The IAF needs to develop robust capabilities for defending this asset against cyber attacks. Given the importance of information technology the world over, the IAF also needs to develop a strong cyber attack capability. This has to be undertaken on a war footing.

CONCLUSION

The Indian Air Force has had a glorious history since its formation in 1932. Eighty years later, it is in the middle of a major transformation through induction of modern state-of-the-art equipment. The multitude of challenges the IAF faces during this process, as discussed above, need to be addressed in order to ensure that it remains an effective fighting force.

defpro

Citation :

Ill-fated warship INS Vindhyagiri decommissioned


Mumbai: INS Vindhyagiri (F-42), the sixth and the last of the Nilgiri class of frigates, which was damaged in an accident last year, has been decommissioned.

The warship, which derives its name from the Vindhyagiri hills, was built by Mazagon Docks Ltd and served the Navy for 31 years.

It served as the flagship of the Western Fleet and later its role shifted to maritime surveillance, coastal patrol and anti piracy operations.



The ship was decommissioned on June 10, a year earlier than scheduled, after being hit by a merchant vessel while entering harbour last year, an official release said here today.

The ship was salvaged but the damage sustained on account of the fire and flooding was assessed to be such as to render it beyond economical repairs, it said.

Rear Admiral Abhay Karve, Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet, presided over the decommissioning ceremony.

The ship, commissioned on July 8, 1981, spent a year-and-a-half inside the Naval Dockyard, following the accident last year.


On May 8, the Bombay High Court had permitted the Navy to destroy the ship after an application was filed seeking permission on the grounds that ammunition was still inside the ship.

On January 30, 2011, the warship had collided with MV Nordlake near Sunk Rock lighthouse. The same evening a major fire broke out and it took over 15 hours to control it. On January 31, it sank due to water filling its chambers.

After the collision, senior Naval officers were deliberating on refitting the ship, but the cost of the repairs made the job inviable.

nation

Quelques photos à l'intérieur de l'INS Vikramaditya

Les espaces d'hébergement et de restauration

















Hangar











Passerelles









Contrôle des propulsifs

Citation :

Indian aircraft carrier enters sea trials as navy eyes Rafale





Russia has commenced sea trials involving the Indian navy's refurbished aircraft carrier the INS Vikramaditya, as sources suggest the service could consider a future acquisition of the Dassault Rafale.

Originally built for Russia as the Admiral Gorshkov, with a maximum displacement of 43,500t, the refitted and modernised vessel left Severodvinsk in the north of the country on 8 June for open-sea trials, preceeding its delivery to India in December. Once operational, the Vikramaditya will be capable of carrying 30 to 34 aircraft, including RSK MiG-29K deck-based fighters.

Eugenia Legostaeva

Sources say the Indian navy is considering the carrier-capable Rafale M as a possible acquisition, with a potential cost benefit to come from the air force's pending deal for 126 of the type to meet its medium multi-role combat aircraft requirement.

Dassault

Already operational with the French navy and similar in size to the MiG-29K, the Rafale M could potentially be operated from India's future ski-jump-equipped domestic aircraft carriers and offer a greater operational capability than current Russian aircraft and India's Aeronautical Development Agency Tejas naval fighter.

India's interest in new naval fighters stems partly from China's ongoing test work with the aircraft carrier Shi Lang, which will be capable of deploying locally-built versions of the Sukhoi Su-30.
http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indian-aircraft-carrier-enters-sea-trials-as-navy-eyes-rafale-372925/

Ce serait une bonne chose pour l'interoperabilité entre l'armee de l'air et la marine.

Citation :

After China, Indian Warships to Be Deployed In Horn of Africa, Red Sea and Western Mediterranean



Following the docking of four warships in Shanghai after a six year gap, Indian Navy is now preparing the departure of several other warships to cover the entire Indian Ocean Region. The Indian Navy is sending four warships on an overseas deployment to the Horn of Africa, Red Sea and the western Mediterranean to enhance its blue-water capability. Besides, Indian warships are also headed towards Seychelles, Mauritius and Maldives offering surveillance and anti-piracy patrolling.

The four warships of the Indian Navy headed for the Horn of Africa include INS Mumbai, INS Trishul, INS Aditya and INS Gomti from the Western Fleet. The four warships currently docking in Shanghai are guided missile destroyer INS Rana, stealth frigate INS Shivalik, missile corvette INS Karmukh and fleet tanker INS Shakti.

Besides the above-mentioned warships spreading across the Indian Ocean region, another Indian Navy patrol vessel, INS Savitri, is already in Port Victoria, Seychelles. It will be deployed for about two months to undertake surveillance of the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of Seychelles and Mauritius. Meanwhile, missile frigate INS Tabar continues its deployment in the Gulf of Aden to escort cargo vessels and contain piracy.

Speaking at a recent naval commanders' conference, Defence Minister AK Antony has indicated that Indian Navy must maintain high levels of operational preparedness at all times given the challenges in the Indian Ocean Region. India's strategic location in the Indian Ocean makes it incumbent upon India to ensure peace and stability in the region.

Before docking in Shanghai yesterday on a four-day port call, the Indian warships also made port calls in Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, South Korea and Japan. This reiterated India's intentions in resolving maritime issues in the Asia-Pacific due to rising tensions between China and its neighbours in the South China Sea. India and China will also hold a first-ever maritime dialogue this year to bring stability in the region and coordinate efforts to ward off piracy.

The four Indian warships docking in Shanghai have also participated in the first ever bilateral maritime exercise between India and Japan. Jimex-12, as the Japan-India Maritime Exercise was called Jimex-12 marked 60 years of diplomatic relations between India and Japan.

http://www.defencenow.com/news/729/after-china-indian-warships-to-be-deployed-in-horn-of-africa-red-sea-and-western-mediterranean.html

Citation :

Navy constructs new dock for its new fleet INS Vikramaditya


MUMBAI: The Indian Navy (IN) has started the construction work of a new Dry Dock is at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. The work of the dry dock is expected to get over by this year end in order to accommodate and anchor the arrival of INS Vikramaditya (Sanskrit: Vikramaditya, "Brave as the Sun") in 2013. It is the new name for the former Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov, which has been procured by India, and is estimated to enter service in the IN.

A defence official said that the construction necessitates underwater rock blasting, which is expected to continue, with some intervals, for a few months to facilitate removal of obstruction. The operation is being undertaken, with all statutory approvals, including that of the Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO), Navi Mumbai.

"The blasts are being carried out in a controlled manner to ensure total safety in the vicinity. The blast intensity is controlled well below specified safety norms to avoid any damage to ships and marine structures and is being closely monitored by experts. Despite being of negligible intensity, mild shock waves / vibrations of non-damage causing nature may be expected to be felt in the adjoining areas," said the official.

The official said that the announced delivery date for INS Vikramaditya was August 2008, which would allow the carrier to enter service just as the IN's only light carrier INS Viraat retires. The INS Viraat's retirement has been pushed out to 2010-2012. However, ongoing delays with the Vikramaditya's delivery schedule, pushing the delivery to 2013, could mean that even this postponement of the Viraat's retirement may not come soon enough. As a result, the IN may find itself without an aircraft carrier for the first time since the 1960s. The indigenous Vikrant-class aircraft carrier has been delayed by at least a year and may be commissioned at the earliest in 2013 from the proposed 2012.

/timesofindia.indiatimes.com

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India to launch AWACS project to counter China, Pak


NEW DELHI: With Pakistan stealing a swift march in the "eyes in the sky" arena and China already way ahead, India is now going to launch its own full-blown futuristic AWACS (airborne warning and control system) programme.

"Clearances are underway" to initially develop two AWACS aircraft, with four more to follow at a later stage, under the new `AWACS-India' project to be executed by DRDO and its Bangalore-based Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS).

"Under it, 360-degree AESA (active electronically scanned array) radars will be mounted on large aircraft like IL-76, Boeing or Airbus," said a DRDO source.

Potent force-multipliers like AWACS or AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) systems have changed the entire nature of air warfare because they can detect incoming aerial threats, ranging from fighters to cruise missiles, much before ground-based radars.

They also serve to direct air defence fighters during combat operations with enemy jets and also help in tracking troop build-ups.

Pakistan already has four Swedish Saab-2000 AEW&C aircraft, with four more Chinese ZDK-03 AWACS in the pipeline. China has around 20 AWACS, a mix of new and old systems, say sources.

But IAF has only three Phalcon AWACS mounted on IL-76 aircraft, under the $1.1 billion tripartite agreement among India, Israel and Russia finalized in 2004, despite being confronted with two potentially hostile fronts.

The case for two additional "follow-on" Phalcon AWACS, with a range of over 400-km and 360-degree coverage like the first three, has run into some rough weather due to sharp cost escalation.

Moreover, DRDO's ongoing mini-AWACS project, under which indigenous AEW&C systems are to be mounted on three Embraer-145 jets obtained from Brazil for $210-million, has also slipped after being approved in October, 2004, at a cost of Rs 1,800 crore.

DRDO, however, contends the project is now on track. "CABS will get the first Embraer, modified with antenna units and other structures mounted on its fuselage, in July," said an official.

"All electronic systems, with a normal radar range of 250-km and a 240-degree coverage, will then be integrated. The first flight should take place in early-2013. The project completion date is April 2014," said an official.

IAF is awaiting the completion of the mini-AWACS project as well as the launch of the larger 'AWACS-India' programme with crossed fingers. AWACS also constitute a crucial constituent of its IACCS (integrated air command and control system) programme, the fully-automated network being set up to integrate the wide array of military radars with each other as well as with civilian radars to plug surveillance gaps in Indian airspace.

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Les essais du Virkramaditya se passent comme prévu, le PA rentra cette semaine de la première série des essais et il se peut qu'il ménent une série d'essais avia, la semaine d'après.

http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=15390

L'INS Vikramaditya

Citation :

Sukhoi fighters to be equipped with BrahMos missiles

PTI Jun 19, 2012, 08.53PM IST

NEW DELHI: India is moving towards joining the club of few countries having air-launched cruise missiles with a proposal to equip IAF's frontline fighter aircraft Su-30 MKI with BrahMos.

The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) is soon expected to consider the proposal of the Defence Ministry to procure the air-launched version of the 290-km-range BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles for the Indian Air Force, sources said.

The proposal involves sanctioning of funds for the integration and testing of the BrahMos missile on the Russian-origin Su-30MKI of the IAF, they said.

As per the plans, the first test of the air-launched version of the supersonic cruise missile, developed jointly by India and Russia, is to be conducted by December-end.

Sources said two SU-30 MKI of the IAF would be modified indigenously by the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) at its Nasik facility where they will also be integrated with the aerial launcher developed by the BrahMos.

The BrahMos missiles integrated on the Su-30s will help the IAF in achieving the capability to deliver a deadly-blow to enemy formations from stand-off ranges of around 300 km without getting close to them.

The air-launched version, they said, will be lighter and smaller than the land-based version of the missile so that it can be fitted to the aircraft.

One of the two speed boosters in the missile has been removed for the air version of the weapon system as after being launched from an aircraft moving at a speed of more than 1.5 mach, the missile will automatically gain its momentum and maintain its speed of 2.8 mach, the sources said.

The range and speed of the missile will remain the same as that of its land and ship-launched versions, they said.

At present, only a few countries like the US have air-launched cruise missiles.

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/news/32317824_1_supersonic-cruise-brahmos-missiles-air-version

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India to build second aircraft carrier


New Delhi, June 25, 2012, DHNS:
India plans to build its second indigenous aircraft carrier after the first one becomes operational by 2015 -16.

The first one – 40,000 tonnes Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1) – is being constructed at Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) since 2009 and is expected to be inducted by 2017.

Subsequently, CSL will undertake construction of the second carrier, which will be bigger than the first one.

“The indigenous aircraft carrier programme is planned to be a continuing process over the next decade as Indian Navy aims to have at least two fully operational and combat worthy carriers available at any given time,” Navy Chief Admiral Nirmal Verma said in his talk at the International Institute of Strategic Studies in London on Monday.

With India’s lone carrier INS Viraat at the fag end of its career, Navy is set to receive Russian-origin INS Vikramaditya in December to boost its capability.

The IAC-1 will be launched in water by 2013 and may start sea-trials by 2016. The programme is almost two and half years behind schedule as the target launch date was 2010. As the Navy’s long-term perspective plan envisages having three carrier battle groups, the CSL will start building IAC-2 once the work on the first one is over. A must to have in the repository to be projected as a powerful maritime nation, a carrier battle group is a small flotilla of warships at the core of which lie an aircraft carrier.

Verma said Navy’s induction programme was structured in such a way that every year over the next 5 years, as many as five ships and submarines would be inducted if shipyards deliver the platforms on contract schedule.

deccanherald

Citation :

India Tests Upgraded Arjun Tank






Arjun main battle tank
© AFP/ Sam Panthaky
01:45 26/06/2012

NEW DELHI, June 26 (RIA Novosti)


India has started testing a deeply modernized version of its domestically-developed Arjun main battle tank, The Times of India newspaper reported.

The trials of the Arjun Mark II main battle tank (MBT) began at the Pokhran field firing range in northwestern India on June 22 and will continue until the end of July.

The testing focuses on 19 major modifications to improve the features that came under heavy criticism in its earlier version, the Arjun Mark I MBT, The Times of India cited on Monday India's Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) spokesperson Ravi Gupta as saying.

The major upgrades include missile-firing capability against long-range targets, panoramic sight with night vision, additional ammunition types, explosive reactive armor, advanced air-defense gun to engage helicopters, an advanced land navigation system and improved running gear.

The new version, if approved, will supplement 124 Arjun Mark I MBTs already in service. The Indian Defense Ministry has ordered a total of 124 modernized Arjun MBTs to be built at the DRDO's heavy vehicles factory in Avadi, near Chennay.

According to the Indian military experts, the 66-ton Arjun “moves like a 'Ferrari' in the desert” even compared with a lighter 40-ton Russian T-90S MBT, which is also in service with the Indian army.

Citation :

Aviation trials of INS Vikramaditya to start in July



NEW DELHI: Russia will deploy a MIG-35 and other aircraft to check out the aviation facilities of INS Vikramaditya, the Russian aircraft carrier which is set to join the Indian Navy by the year end.

The 'aviation facilities complex trials' of the aircraft carrier will begin sometime in the middle of July in the Barents Sea, Navy sources said. A team of about 20 Navy aviation personnel including pilots are on their way to Russia to observe the trials, which will be carried out by a Russian crew.

The complex sea trials of the aircraft carrier, which started on June 7, comprise primarily of two aspects -- the ship trials and the aviation facilities complex trials. The ship trials have already started. Over 500 Indian Navy personnel under the command of Captain Suraj Berry, the commissioning commanding officer of the carrier, are present on board the aircraft carrier observing the trials. By the time India takes command of the ship, there will be around 2,000 personnel to run Indian Navy's biggest ship, with a displacement of 45,000 tonnes.

Besides the MIG-35, Russia will deploy a MIG-29K fighter and helicopters for the aviation trials which will check out facilities such as landing, deck lighting, arrestor and restraining gears etc. The aviation facilities complex trials are expected to last over three months.

Officials said the ship was moved to Barents Sea as it doesn't freeze in winter because of warm currents. The ship is expected to remain there for the extensive trials until deep into winter, when handing over to the Indian Navy is expected.

After a delay of over four years, when INS Vikramaditya finally joins the Indian Navy it will be the biggest ship with the Indian military, besides significantly enhancing its blue water capabilities.

timesofindia.indiatimes

Après tout ... c'est navire soviètique

j´ai cru qu´il a recu une bombe qui a causé incendie

pire qu'un bateau à vapeur du 19 éme siècle.

Les indiens ont pour tradition d'incinérer leurs morts...au bout de quelques jours en mer, ils n'ont pas le choix